{"id":18550,"date":"2023-12-09T11:32:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-09T04:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/?p=18550"},"modified":"2023-12-14T11:37:28","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T04:37:28","slug":"dengue-hemorrhagic-fever-is-endemic-in-indonesia-how-to-prevent-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/en\/health-info\/dengue-hemorrhagic-fever-is-endemic-in-indonesia-how-to-prevent-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is Endemic in Indonesia, How to Prevent It?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oleh:\u00a0 Thalia Kaylyn Averil<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease that is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily from the Aedes species, such as Aedes aegypti. The characteristic feature of the Aedes aegypti is its smaller size compared to mosquitoes in general and its black color
\nwith white spots. Infected female mosquitoes carry the dengue virus (DENV) which then enters the human body through their bites. Dengue virus reproduces in the intestines of mosquitoes after biting an infected human and then spreads to other tissues, such as the salivary glands.
\nPlaces with clean water and close to residential areas (usually no more than 500 meters) are the main breeding places for Aedes mosquitoes. Examples are barrels used to store drinking water, bathtubs, or pots, flowers, cans, bottles, drums and car tires found in gardens or yards that collect rainwater. Aedes mosquitoes can also breed in natural places, such as taro leaves, banana leaves, coconut shells, bamboo poles and tree holes that collect rainwater. Female mosquitoes are more likely to suck human blood during the day, especially at sunrise (08.00\u201310.00) and before sunset (15.00\u201317.00). Aedes mosquitoes usually rest in bushes or grass in parks or yards. Apart from that, items that are usually found at home, such as clothes, sarongs, skullcaps and other hanging items can also become resting places for mosquitoes. In the wild, an adult female mosquito is estimated to be 10 days old.<\/p>\n

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Figure 1. Aedes aegypti.<\/p><\/div>\n

Over the last 50 years, Indonesia has experienced an increase in the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever which reaches its peak approximately every 6-8 years. In contrast, since 1980, the death rate for dengue hemorrhagic fever cases has decreased by about half every ten years. The highest annual average number of cases reported occurred in Java, followed by Bali and Kalimantan. On the other hand, Papua has experienced the lowest incidence rate in recent years. The signs and symptoms experienced by each patient infected with the dengue virus may vary, but commonly include high fever with temperatures reaching 40\u00b0C that persists continuously, as well as a rash or red spots on the body for 2\u20137 days. Apart from that, other signs and symptoms that can be experienced by patients are headaches, nausea, vomiting, muscle and joint pain, or pain felt in the area behind the eyes. These signs and symptoms usually appear 4\u201310 days after infection. Most patients will recover in approximately 1-2 weeks, but there are some individuals who experience severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and require hospital treatment. The dengue virus can also cause Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) which is accompanied by hypotension and a fast and weak pulse. Organ damage and internal bleeding can occur due to severe dengue fever which can be fatal in certain circumstances and may cause death. Expanded Dengue Syndrome (EDS) is a term used to describe dengue fever which is rare, but has the potential to be fatal and even death because it causes problems with vital organs.<\/p>\n

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Figure 2. Common signs and symptoms experienced by dengue hemorrhagic fever patients.<\/p><\/div>\n

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Individuals infected with the dengue virus for the second time are more likely to experience more severe symptoms, necessitating prompt medical attention. Symptoms of severe dengue hemorrhagic fever often appear after the fever subsides, such as:<\/p>\n