{"id":20145,"date":"2024-07-05T10:58:52","date_gmt":"2024-07-05T03:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/?p=20145"},"modified":"2024-10-12T12:53:28","modified_gmt":"2024-10-12T05:53:28","slug":"getting-to-know-digital-subtraction-angiography-dsa-a-procedure-that-provides-clear-views-of-blood-vessels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/en\/health-info\/getting-to-know-digital-subtraction-angiography-dsa-a-procedure-that-provides-clear-views-of-blood-vessels\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting to Know Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), a Procedure That Provides Clear Views of Blood Vessels"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\"><em><strong>By:\u00a0 Thalia Kaylyn Averil<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) uses fluoroscopy techniques to digitally remove objects such as bone from the image to better visualize blood vessels. This technique is mainly used for brain blood vessels so it is often referred to as cerebral angiography. Doctors will insert a catheter into a blood vessel during the procedure to inject contrast that will make the blood vessel visible on X-ray. This procedure is mainly performed if the results of other examinations are insufficient. Angiography is still the gold standard and is considered the most sensitive and accurate technique for diagnosing several diseases, although CT scans and MRI scans can already detect various brain-related problems. This procedure is often performed after a CT scan and MRI to obtain more detailed information if abnormal results are found. Before performing DSA, it is important to understand the patient&#8217;s condition and any possible risks by consulting a neurologist.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><center><div id=\"attachment_20146\" style=\"width: 307px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20146\" class=\"wp-image-20146 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-105520.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"297\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-105520.png 297w, https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-105520-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-105520-200x200.png 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20146\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. Results of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA).<\/p><\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cerebral angiography can visualize blood vessels inside and around the brain specifically. This can aid in the diagnosis of diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aneurysm (swollen blood vessels)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stenosis (narrowing of blood vessels)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atherosclerosis (accumulation of plaque that causes narrowing of blood vessels)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vasculitis (inflammation that causes narrowing of the blood vessels)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arteriovenous malformations (abnormal connections between arteries and veins)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thrombosis (blood clot)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vasospasm (abnormal narrowing of blood vessels)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total occlusion of blood vessels<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apart from that, angiography also plays a role in interventional radiology.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balloon angioplasty to dilate blood vessels<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stents to keep blood vessels open<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Endovascular embolization to block aberrant blood vessels<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thrombectomy to remove blood clots<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) procedures vary depending on the patient&#8217;s condition and the available healthcare facilities. In general, the following are the procedures performed during Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA).<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patient is asked to remove clothing, jewelry, hair clips, dentures, or other objects that may interfere during the procedure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patient is asked to empty the bladder before the procedure begins.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patient is positioned on the X-ray table.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patient is connected to an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor that records the heart&#8217;s electrical activity. In addition, vital signs (such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate) and neurological signs are also monitored during the procedure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before starting the procedure, the patient is given a mild sedative to help the patient relax.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A catheter will be inserted into an artery in the neck, arm, or groin after the skin has been cleaned.<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the catheter is inserted into an artery in the arm or groin, the pulse at that location will be checked and marked. Apart from that, the hair in that area will also be shaved. After that, the catheter will be guided into the neck using a special type of X-ray known as fluoroscopy to confirm the location of the catheter in the patient&#8217;s body.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a catheter is inserted into an artery in the neck, a pillow will be placed under the shoulder to keep the neck extended. The patient&#8217;s head will be held in place with a strap or adhesive to prevent the risk of damage to the arteries when moving the head.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A contrast dye injection is administered, which makes blood vessels visible in X-ray images, allowing doctors to see the blood vessel structures more clearly. Patients will likely experience some generally short-lived effects when contrast dye is injected into the catheter, such as a warm sensation, a salty or metallic taste in the mouth, headache, nausea, or vomiting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patient should notify the radiologist if they experience difficulty breathing, sweating, numbness, or heart palpitations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contrast dye may be injected one or more times.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the contrast dye is injected, a series of X-ray images are taken.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the procedure is complete, the catheter is removed and pressure is applied at the site where the catheter was inserted to prevent bleeding.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the bleeding stops, the location is bandaged. A fairly heavy object may be placed over the location to prevent further bleeding or hematoma formation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DSA is a very effective diagnostic technique for finding out the cause of persistent symptoms related to cerebrovascular disease, such as headaches, because of its ability to provide detailed images and evaluate cerebral blood vessels. Despite some limitations, this method is still the gold standard for assessing cerebrovascular disease. This method is very useful for identifying problems with blood vessels and evaluating alternative pathways of blood flow which is very important for understanding the movement of blood through the vessels in the brain. The diagnosis of other cerebrovascular diseases can also be made by imaging methods such as CT and MR angiography, but DSA is still the gold standard.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mount Sinai Health System. Cerebral angiography [Internet]. New York: Mount Sinai Health System; date of publication unknown [cited 2024 Jun 23]. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/health-library\/tests\/cerebral-angiography\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/health-library\/tests\/cerebral-angiography<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Johns Hopkins Medicine. Cerebral arteriogram [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Medicine; date of publication unknown [cited 2024 Jun 23]. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/cerebral-arteriogram\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/cerebral-arteriogram<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Radiopaedia. Digital subtraction angiography [Internet]. Victoria: Radiopaedia; date of publication unknown [revised 2022 Jan 11] [cited 2024 Jun 23]. Available from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/digital-subtraction-angiography\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/digital-subtraction-angiography<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Specialist Endovascular Services. Cerebral angiogram [Internet]. New South Wales: Specialist Endovascular Services; date of publication unknown [cited 2024 Jun 23]. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/sevs.com.au\/inr\/cerebral-angiogram\">https:\/\/sevs.com.au\/inr\/cerebral-angiogram<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By:\u00a0 Thalia Kaylyn Averil Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) uses fluoroscopy techniques to digitally remove objects such as bone from the image to better visualize blood vessels. This technique is mainly used for brain blood vessels so it is often referred to as cerebral angiography. Doctors will insert a catheter into a blood vessel during the <a href=\"https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/en\/health-info\/getting-to-know-digital-subtraction-angiography-dsa-a-procedure-that-provides-clear-views-of-blood-vessels\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Getting to Know Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), a Procedure That Provides Clear Views of Blood Vessels<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":20148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Getting to Know Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), a Procedure That Provides Clear Views of Blood Vessels - Abdi Waluyo Hospital<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/abdiwaluyo.com\/en\/health-info\/getting-to-know-digital-subtraction-angiography-dsa-a-procedure-that-provides-clear-views-of-blood-vessels\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Getting to Know Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), a Procedure That Provides Clear Views of Blood Vessels - Abdi Waluyo Hospital\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By:\u00a0 Thalia Kaylyn Averil Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) uses fluoroscopy techniques to digitally remove objects such as bone from the image to better visualize blood vessels. 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