Why Is Your Period Irregular? It Could Be a Sign of PCOS You Shouldn’t Ignore

By: Geraldus Sigap

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Irregular periods, stubborn acne, unexplained weight gain? Don’t take these symptoms lightly. They could be early signs of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age that can affect fertility and long-term health.

What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries produce excessive amounts of androgens (male hormones), disrupting ovulation and leading to the formation of small cysts in the ovaries. This condition is common. According to the WHO, about 1 in 10 women have PCOS, but many don’t realize it until they face fertility issues.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

Some of the most frequent signs include:

• Irregular periods: infrequent, too frequent, or even absent menstruation
• Persistent acne and oily skin
• Excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest, or abdomen
• Weight gain, especially around the abdomen, that’s hard to lose
• Fertility issues due to irregular ovulation

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of PCOS isn’t fully understood, but contributing factors may include:

Insulin resistance: the body doesn’t use insulin properly, which can trigger androgen production

• Genetics: having a mother or sister with PCOS increases your risk
• Unhealthy lifestyle: poor diet and lack of physical activity

What Happens if PCOS Ii Left Untreated?

PCOS is more than just an irregular cycle or skin problem. Without proper management, it can lead to serious health issues, such as:

• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Endometrial cancer
• Psychological problems like depression or anxiety

When Should You See a Doctor?

If you experience two or more of the symptoms above, it’s time to consult a gynecologist (Obstetrics & Gynecology Specialist). PCOS is usually diagnosed through:

• Menstrual history and symptom review
• Transvaginal ultrasound to detect ovarian cysts
• Blood tests for hormones such as LH, FSH, androgen, and insulin

To establish a diagnosis of PCOS, the doctor will perform a series of evaluations, including a medical interview, physical examination, and supporting diagnostic tests. One of the primary tests is a transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound to check for the presence of multiple small cysts in the ovaries, a classic sign of PCOS. Typically, the ovaries will appear enlarged with many small follicles arranged around the edges, resembling a “string of pearls.”

If the ultrasound results are inconclusive or further evaluation is needed, the doctor may recommend a pelvic MRI, which provides a more detailed anatomical view of the female reproductive organs. On MRI, PCOS is typically characterized by bilaterally enlarged ovaries with multiple small peripheral follicles measuring less than 9 mm in diameter.

How to Manage PCOS

While there’s no complete cure, PCOS can be effectively managed with the right approach:

Lifestyle Changes

• Lose excess weight if overweight
• Eat a low-sugar, high-fiber diet
• Exercise regularly (at least 30 minutes/day)

Medications

• Combined birth control pills to regulate cycles and reduce androgens
• Metformin for insulin resistance
• Acne treatments or hair removal medications if needed
• Fertility Treatments
  • For those trying to conceive, doctors may suggest:
    • Ovulation-inducing medications like clomiphene or letrozole
    • Assisted reproductive technologies such as IUI or IVF

Early Detection is Key

PCOS can progress quietly without clear symptoms. That’s why it’s crucial to:

• Have regular check-ups
• Track your menstrual cycle
• Watch for signs like severe acne, hair thinning, or sudden weight gain

PCOS affects not only fertility but also your long-term health. Don’t wait until the symptoms worsen. If you’re experiencing irregular periods, persistent acne, or trouble conceiving, consult an Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist at RS Abdi Waluyo. We provide a full range of services, including hormonal lab tests, transvaginal ultrasound, and a multidisciplinary team of endocrinologists and clinical nutritionists to help you understand and manage PCOS comprehensively. Call 021-3144989 or book your appointment online today.

FAQ

1. What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that disrupts ovulation, often characterized by irregular periods, excess male hormones, and ovaries with multiple small cysts.

2. What are common symptoms?

• Irregular or absent periods
• Severe acne
• Excessive hair growth
• Weight gain
• Difficulty getting pregnant

3. Does irregular menstruation always mean PCOS?

Not necessarily. It could also be due to thyroid disorders, stress, or eating disorders. However, PCOS is one of the most common causes.

4. How is PCOS diagnosed?

Through a combination of:

• Medical history and physical exam
• Transvaginal ultrasound
• Hormone blood tests

5. Can PCOS be cured?

No, but it can be well-managed through lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, medications, and, if necessary, fertility treatments recommended by your doctor.

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Referensi:

1. Singh, S., Pal, N., Shubham, S., Sarma, D. K., Verma, V., Marotta, F., & Kumar, M. (2023). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Etiology, Current Management, and Future Therapeutics. Journal of clinical medicine, 12(4), 1454.
2. Dong, J., & Rees, D. A. (2023). Polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities. BMJ medicine, 2(1), e000548.
3. Zhu, Jason. (2024). An overview of the physiopathology and various treatment strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproductive and Developmental Medicine. 8. 50.