Overview

What Is Sigmoidoscopy?

Sigmoidoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used to examine the inside of the rectum and sigmoid colon (the lower part of the large intestine) using a flexible tube equipped with a camera and light source, known as a sigmoidoscope.

This examination allows doctors to directly visualize the lining of the lower large intestine to detect various abnormalities, including inflammation, polyps, bleeding, diverticula, and early signs of colorectal cancer.

In addition to diagnosis, sigmoidoscopy can also be used to take tissue samples (biopsies), remove small polyps, or evaluate the response to treatment for certain conditions.

At Abdi Waluyo Hospital, sigmoidoscopy services are performed by experienced gastroenterologists and supported by modern endoscopy technology to provide accurate, safe, and comfortable examinations.

Why Is Examination of the Rectum and Sigmoid Colon Important?

The rectum and sigmoid colon are the final sections of the large intestine and are common sites for various gastrointestinal abnormalities, including polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, bleeding, and colorectal cancer.

Examining these areas helps doctors identify the causes of various lower gastrointestinal symptoms and detect abnormal changes at an early stage, allowing for timely and appropriate treatment.

What Conditions Can Be Detected by Sigmoidoscopy?

Sigmoidoscopy can help diagnose and evaluate various conditions, including:

Colorectal Polyps

Detects abnormal tissue growths in the lower large intestine that may potentially develop into cancer.

Colorectal Cancer

Helps detect early signs of cancer in the rectum and sigmoid colon, allowing treatment to begin as early as possible.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

This includes:

• Ulcerative Colitis
• Crohn’s Disease affecting the large intestine

The examination helps assess the severity and extent of inflammation and the response to treatment.

Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Helps identify the source of bleeding, such as internal hemorrhoids, polyps, inflammation, or abnormal blood vessels.

Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis

Evaluates the presence of small pouches (diverticula) in the large intestine and potential complications.

How Is Sigmoidoscopy Performed?

Before the Examination

Proper preparation helps ensure more accurate examination results.

Patients are generally instructed to:

• Follow dietary instructions as recommended by the doctor.
• Cleanse the lower bowel using an enema or laxatives as needed.
• Inform the doctor about any medications currently being taken, particularly blood-thinning medications.

The doctor will provide preparation instructions based on the patient’s individual condition.

During the Examination

During the procedure:

• The patient will be positioned appropriately for the examination.
• The sigmoidoscope is gently inserted through the anus and advanced into the rectum and sigmoid colon.
• The camera displays real-time images on a monitor, allowing the doctor to evaluate the condition of the intestine.
• When necessary, the doctor may perform:
  • Tissue sampling (biopsy)
  • Removal of small polyps
  • Other procedures as indicated by the examination findings

The procedure generally takes approximately 10–20 minutes. Most patients do not require sedation, although sedation may be considered in certain circumstances.

After the Examination

After sigmoidoscopy:

• Patients can generally return to their normal activities immediately after the examination.
• Temporary mild bloating or abdominal discomfort may occur due to the air used during the procedure.
• The doctor will explain the examination findings and provide follow-up recommendations when necessary.
• If a biopsy is performed, the tissue examination results will be available after laboratory analysis is completed.

Benefits of Sigmoidoscopy

Quick and Effective Examination

Sigmoidoscopy is a relatively short procedure with a rapid recovery period.

Early Detection of Lower Large Intestinal Abnormalities

The examination helps detect polyps, inflammation, and cancer at an early stage.

Diagnosis and Treatment in a Single Procedure

In addition to evaluating the condition of the intestine, doctors can perform biopsies or remove small polyps during the examination when necessary.

Minimally Invasive

Sigmoidoscopy does not require surgical incisions and can generally be performed without general anesthesia.

Who May Need Sigmoidoscopy?

Doctors may recommend sigmoidoscopy for patients experiencing:

• Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
• Persistent changes in bowel habits
• Chronic diarrhea or prolonged constipation
• Rectal or lower abdominal pain
• Suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Monitoring of polyps or conditions affecting the lower large intestine
• Abnormal findings from other examinations that require further evaluation

Is Sigmoidoscopy Safe?

Sigmoidoscopy is generally a safe procedure when performed by an experienced doctor.

Some patients may experience temporary bloating or mild discomfort after the examination. Serious complications, such as bleeding or intestinal perforation, are very rare.

Before the procedure, the doctor will explain the benefits, potential risks, and necessary preparation based on the patient’s condition.

Why Choose Abdi Waluyo Hospital for Sigmoidoscopy?

Abdi Waluyo Hospital provides comprehensive gastrointestinal care supported by:

• Experienced gastroenterologists
• Modern high-definition endoscopy technology
• Safe and comfortable examination facilities
• Integrated diagnostic, therapeutic, and patient monitoring services
• A patient-centered approach focused on safety and comfort

With expertise in managing a wide range of gastrointestinal disorders, Abdi Waluyo Hospital is committed to providing high-quality sigmoidoscopy services to support early detection, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment for maintaining colorectal health.