Women’s reproductive health has become an increasingly important issue, especially in the context of International Women’s Day on March 8. Among the most common conditions affecting women are uterine fibroids (myomas) and adenomyosis—both involving the thickening of the uterine muscle, which can significantly impact quality of life.

Globally, fibroids are estimated to affect around 40% to 80% of women of reproductive age. In Indonesia, the numbers continue to rise, with approximately one-quarter of cases requiring surgical intervention. However, many cases go undetected in their early stages, as they often present with no clear symptoms.

According to Dr. Sigit Pramono, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at RS Abdi Waluyo, fibroids and adenomyosis share similar characteristics, as both involve abnormal thickening of the uterine muscle. These conditions can occur in various areas, including within the uterine cavity, and may even affect surrounding organs such as the bladder or intestines.

Symptoms to watch for include painful menstruation and excessive bleeding. Therefore, women are encouraged to increase awareness and seek early medical evaluation, especially when experiencing such signs.

With advances in medical technology, more modern and minimally invasive treatment options are now available. One of them is Focused Ultrasound Ablation (FUA), also known as High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), which has been implemented at RS Abdi Waluyo.

HIFU therapy is a non-surgical procedure that involves no incisions and does not require removal of the uterus. It uses high-intensity ultrasound waves to precisely destroy fibroid or adenomyosis tissue. Notably, patients do not need to undergo open surgery, as the procedure is performed under light sedation (anxiolysis), allowing them to remain conscious throughout.

Prior to the procedure, patients undergo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to map the condition of the tissue in detail. This ensures that the treatment is both safe and accurately targeted.

To date, RS Abdi Waluyo has successfully performed HIFU therapy on approximately 300 patients, demonstrating its effectiveness as a modern treatment alternative.

In addition to providing advanced medical technology, RS Abdi Waluyo also supports government efforts to improve women’s reproductive health through education on healthy lifestyles, including maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and undergoing routine health check-ups.

With innovations like HIFU, women now have access to safer, lower-risk treatment options that help preserve their quality of life—without the need for major surgery.

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Several health experts have revealed a number of facts regarding IBD cases, one of the chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract.

Liputan6.com, Jakarta – Health experts have revealed a number of key facts regarding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. The number of cases continues to rise in line with environmental and lifestyle changes, both in Indonesia and globally.

However, public awareness of this disease remains relatively low. As a result, many patients fail to recognize the symptoms early and only receive a diagnosis once the disease has progressed to a more advanced stage.

“Delayed diagnosis and initiation of therapy can increase the risk of disease progression, recurrent hospitalizations, and serious complications such as bleeding, intestinal obstruction, fistula formation, and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Therefore, assessing disease activity and severity is a crucial step before determining the most appropriate therapy,” said Marcellus Simadibrata, an Internal Medicine Specialist in Gastroenterology-Hepatology at RS Abdi Waluyo.

Marcellus delivered these remarks during the IBD Update 2026: Updates on Diagnosis and Management of IBD, held on January 23–24, 2026, at Park Hyatt Jakarta. The event brought together national and regional experts as a platform for knowledge exchange to strengthen Indonesian physicians’ understanding of accurate IBD diagnosis and management, as quoted from a written statement on Monday (January 26, 2026).

IBD is a complex and multifactorial disease involving interactions among genetic factors, the immune system, environmental influences, and the gut microbiota. The two main forms of IBD—Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis—often present symptoms that overlap with other conditions, including gastrointestinal infections and intestinal tuberculosis.

This overlap means that establishing an IBD diagnosis must be carried out with great precision through a comprehensive approach, including clinical evaluation, endoscopic examination, histopathology, and other supporting investigations, in order to prevent delayed diagnosis and mismanagement.

Management Cannot Be Simplified

Marcellus emphasized that IBD management cannot be approached in a simple or uniform manner. After diagnosis, patients must undergo a comprehensive evaluation that includes assessing disease activity, excluding underlying infections, and determining clear therapeutic targets.

“The treat-to-target approach should be part of clinical practice, aiming not only to control symptoms but also to achieve mucosal healing and prevent long-term damage,” he explained.

He also highlighted that in countries with a high prevalence of infections such as Indonesia, infection screening is an essential step in IBD management.

“Certain infections, particularly tuberculosis and specific gastrointestinal infections, may mimic or exacerbate IBD. Therefore, thorough screening before initiating or escalating therapy is critical to avoid misdiagnosis and unwanted complications,” he added.

IBD Recognized as a Chronic Disease

Regarding the complexity of IBD, Marcellus stated that RS Abdi Waluyo regards IBD as a chronic disease requiring special attention and comprehensive management.

According to him, the hospital has developed an IBD Center to provide holistic care through a multidisciplinary team of specialists and subspecialists, integrating diagnostic services, therapy, long-term monitoring, and multidisciplinary support tailored to patients’ needs.

“The RS Abdi Waluyo IBD Center is the first IBD center in Indonesia. In addition, the hospital provides Intestinal Ultrasound (IUS) services as part of a noninvasive diagnostic and monitoring approach, which plays an important role in assessing disease activity safely and repeatedly, and in supporting more accurate clinical decision-making in IBD management,” he explained.

At the event organized by RS Abdi Waluyo in collaboration with Asian Education Network in IBD and Perhimpunan Gastroenterologi Indonesia, Ari Fahrial Syam, an Internal Medicine Specialist and Consultant in Gastroenterology-Hepatology as well as Chairman of the Indonesian Gastroenterology Association, emphasized that support and collaboration among healthcare professionals are essential in addressing the challenges of IBD diagnosis and management in daily clinical practice.

“With the support of healthcare professionals and scientific forums like this, we can continue to promote excellence in care, thereby improving the quality of services and clinical outcomes for IBD patients,” he said.

Rising Cases

Ari explained that in Southeast Asia, although the incidence of IBD remains relatively lower compared to Western countries, the upward trend has been consistent year by year.

“Studies across various Asian countries show that the incidence of IBD ranges from 0.54 to 3.44 per 100,000 population, with a rising trend alongside environmental and lifestyle changes. Data from referral hospitals in Indonesia also indicate an increasing number of IBD patients requiring long-term management. This situation demands readiness within the healthcare system as well as heightened clinical vigilance in recognizing and managing IBD earlier and more accurately,” Ari stated.

He further emphasized that IBD must be comprehensively understood as a disease with complex mechanisms. It is not caused by a single factor but by impaired immune tolerance that triggers chronic inflammation and a relapsing disease course.

“Therefore, diagnostic and management approaches for IBD must be integrated, focusing not only on clinical symptoms but also on the underlying disease mechanisms,” he added.

In another scientific session, Ling Khoon Lin, Consultant Gastroenterologist and Adjunct Associate Professor at Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, discussed the importance of appropriate therapeutic positioning in patients with moderate to severe IBD, both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

He emphasized that the primary goal of IBD therapy today is no longer limited to symptom relief, but to achieving more comprehensive targets in accordance with STRIDE II recommendations from the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD), namely clinical remission, normalization of biochemical parameters, and mucosal healing.

“The treat-to-target approach is key to preventing disease progression and long-term intestinal damage,” he explained.

Ling stressed that screening for latent infections is an essential component of modern IBD management standards, particularly before administering biologic therapies or small molecules. He highlighted the importance of evaluating latent tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and updating immunization status as preventive measures to ensure long-term treatment safety in accordance with international recommendations.

“There is no single therapy that suits all patients. Clinical decisions must consider the balance between efficacy, speed of response, safety, and patient preferences, in order to optimize clinical outcomes and quality of life for IBD patients,” Ling stated.

Symptoms in Children

Jose D. Sollano Jr., Professor of Medicine at the University of Santo Tomas, Philippines, also emphasized the importance of vigilance regarding the signs and symptoms of IBD in the pediatric population, where the disease is often not recognized early.

“Suspicion of IBD in children should be considered in cases of recurrent abdominal pain, which unfortunately is often regarded as a common complaint and left untreated for years, as well as growth disturbances commonly associated with decreased appetite and malnutrition. Additionally, the presence of anemia in children—whether due to chronic inflammatory disease, small bowel disease, or minor bleeding—should raise concern. Delayed puberty resulting from nutritional disorders, hormonal imbalance, and chronic inflammation is also a possible sign,” he explained.

A family history of IBD significantly increases the risk of the disease, he added. The occurrence of fistula-in-ano in children is also a clinical condition frequently overlooked by both pediatricians and colorectal surgeons, leading to repeated surgeries at a young age.

“Early recognition of IBD in children is crucial to prevent long-term complications and improve patients’ quality of life, so that they do not experience worsening disease in adulthood,” he concluded.

Referensi:

1. https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/6265114/kasus-ibd-jadi-sorotan-para-ahli-kesehatan-beberkan-sejumlah-fakta

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What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone density and strength gradually decrease, making bones fragile and more prone to fractures, even from minor falls or mild pressure. It is often called a silent disease because it develops without symptoms in the early stages, and is usually discovered only after a fracture occurs. Osteoporosis can affect anyone but is most common among postmenopausal women, elderly individuals, and those with low calcium intake or an inactive lifestyle.

Without early prevention and proper management, the risk of fractures, especially in the hip, wrist, and spine, can increase significantly.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis to Watch For

Although it often develops silently, there are warning signs you shouldn’t ignore:

• Chronic back pain, particularly in the lower back or spine
• Gradual loss of height due to compression of the spinal bones
• Stooped posture (kyphosis)
• Fractures from minor falls or small impacts
• Decreased grip strength and muscle weakness

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to have your bone health evaluated as early as possible.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis:

How is Osteoporosis Diagnosed?

The most accurate way to assess bone health is through a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) test using a BMD DXA scan (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry).

This test can detect bone loss even before a fracture occurs, allowing early intervention and prevention. At RS Abdi Waluyo, BMD DXA examinations are performed by trained professionals using international-standard equipment, ensuring accurate, quick, and pain-free results.

How to Prevent and Manage Osteoporosis

Preventing osteoporosis starts early, by adopting a healthy lifestyle and maintaining good nutrition to support bone strength.

1. Get Enough Calcium and Vitamin D

• Eat foods rich in calcium such as milk, cheese, yogurt, sardines, and leafy greens.
• Morning sunlight helps your body produce vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption. If sunlight exposure is insufficient, vitamin D can also be taken as a supplement. The recommended dosage for adults is around 600–800 IU per day, or as advised by your doctor. This helps maintain optimal vitamin D levels in the body, ensuring effective calcium absorption and stronger bones.

2. Stay Physically Active

• Engage in weight-bearing exercises like brisk walking, light jogging, cycling, or resistance training.
• Regular physical activity strengthens both muscles and bones.

3. Avoid Habits That Harm Bone Health

• Limit alcohol consumption and stop smoking.
• Reduce excessive caffeine intake, which can interfere with calcium absorption.

4. Schedule Regular Check-Ups

• Have your bone density screened regularly, especially if you’re a woman over 50 or a man over 60.
• Early screening allows doctors to start preventive measures before complications arise.

5. Medical Treatment

If diagnosed with osteoporosis, your doctor may prescribe bone-strengthening medications such as bisphosphonates, calcitonin, or synthetic estrogen.

In certain cases, combination therapies are used to help reduce fracture risk and maintain bone mass.

Possible Complications

Without proper treatment, osteoporosis can lead to serious complications such as:

• Hip fractures, which often require major surgery and lengthy recovery
• Spinal deformities due to compression fractures
• Chronic pain that interferes with daily activities
• Loss of mobility and increased risk of permanent disability

That’s why early detection and consistent care are key to maintaining bone health and quality of life.

RS Abdi Waluyo provides specialized care through its Orthopaedic & Spine Department, offering a comprehensive approach for bone health and osteoporosis management. Available services include: Orthopaedic consultation, Bone density (BMD DXA) testing, Personalized osteoporosis therapy, and Rehabilitation programs for bone strength and posture correction. Contact RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or make an online appointment via https://abdiwaluyo.com/

FAQ

1. Is osteoporosis only a women’s disease?

No. While it’s more common in postmenopausal women, men can also develop osteoporosis, especially with age or unhealthy lifestyle habits. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1 in 3 women over the age of 50 will experience fractures related to osteoporosis, compared to 1 in 5 men in the same age group. The higher risk in women is primarily due to a decline in estrogen levels after menopause, a hormone essential for maintaining bone density.

2. When should I get my bone density checked?

Screening is recommended from age 50, or earlier if you have risk factors such as family history, long-term steroid use, or early menopause.

3. Can osteoporosis be completely cured?

Osteoporosis cannot be fully reversed, but it can be managed effectively with proper treatment, lifestyle changes, and regular follow-up.

4. Does back pain always mean osteoporosis?

Not always, however, if it’s accompanied by a decrease in height or a stooped posture, you should consider a BMD DXA scan.

5. Can physiotherapy help osteoporosis patients?

Yes, physiotherapy improves balance, muscle strength, and coordination,  reducing the risk of falls and fractures.

Referensi:

1. Rosen CJ. The Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. [Updated 2020 Jun 21]. In: Feingold KR, Ahmed SF, Anawalt B, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279134/
2. Föger-Samwald, U., Dovjak, P., Azizi-Semrad, U., Kerschan-Schindl, K., & Pietschmann, P. (2020). Osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and therapeutic options. EXCLI journal, 19, 1017–1037. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2020-2591

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Why Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer Matters

Colorectal cancer (CRC), or cancer of the colon and rectum, is one of the most common and preventable cancers worldwide. The good news is that when detected early, it can be treated effectively with a high survival rate. However, many people avoid screening because they assume it involves uncomfortable or invasive procedures. That’s where the Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) comes in, a simple, painless, and non-invasive stool test that can detect early signs of colorectal cancer long before symptoms appear.

What Is the Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)?

The Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) is a screening tool that detects hidden (occult) blood in the stool, which can be an early indicator of colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps.

Unlike traditional stool tests, FIT uses antibodies that specifically detect human hemoglobin, making it more accurate and easier to perform.

FIT is:

• Simple: Can be done at home using a provided test kit.
• Non-invasive: No need for bowel preparation, fasting, or hospital procedures.
• Accurate: More specific in detecting bleeding from the lower digestive tract (colon and rectum).

Who Should Take the FIT Test?

The FIT test is recommended for adults aged 45 years and older, even if they have no symptoms. Those with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps should begin screening earlier, as advised by a doctor.

You should also consider getting a FIT test if you experience:

• Unexplained changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
• Blood in the stool or dark/tarry stool
• Abdominal pain or bloating that doesn’t go away
• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue

Early screening helps identify problems before they progress into advanced cancer — when treatment is simpler and outcomes are much better.

How the FIT Test Works

The FIT test is very easy to perform:

• Collect a small sample of stool using the kit provided by your doctor or clinic.
• Send the sample to a laboratory for analysis.

The lab checks for traces of human hemoglobin, which may indicate bleeding from the colon.

If the test result is positive, it doesn’t always mean cancer, but further evaluation such as colonoscopy will be recommended to find the exact cause of the bleeding. If the result is negative, your doctor may recommend repeating the test every year as part of your routine health screening.

FIT vs. Colonoscopy: What’s the Difference?

FIT is ideal for annual screening, while colonoscopy is recommended if FIT results are positive or for those at higher risk.

Benefits of the FIT Test

• Quick and painless, no discomfort during the process
• Highly specific to bleeding from the colon or rectum
• Can be done in the comfort of your home
• Early detection means better treatment outcomes
• Cost-effective and easily repeatable annually

FIT is now one of the most widely recommended first-line screening tools for colorectal cancer worldwide, including by the World Health Organization (WHO) and major gastroenterology associations.

What to Do if Your FIT Result is Positive

If your FIT test result is positive, don’t panic. This does not necessarily mean you have cancer. A positive result simply means that blood was detected in your stool, and your doctor will likely recommend a follow-up colonoscopy to determine the source.

Common causes of a positive FIT result include:

• Hemorrhoids or anal fissures
• Polyps (precancerous growths)
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Colorectal cancer (in rare cases)

The key is early action, the sooner you follow up, the better your chances of preventing or treating any potential problem effectively.

RS Abdi Waluyo provides specialized care through its Gastroenterology Department, offering a comprehensive approach for digestive health and colorectal cancer prevention. Available services include: Gastroenterology consultation, Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT), Colonoscopy, and advanced endoscopic procedures for diagnosis and treatment. Contact RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or make an online appointment via https://abdiwaluyo.com/.

FAQ

1. How often should I do a FIT test?

It is recommended to take the FIT test once a year as part of regular colorectal cancer screening, starting from age 45.

2. Is the FIT test painful or uncomfortable?

Not at all. The test only requires a small stool sample that can be collected at home, no needles, anesthesia, or invasive procedures involved.

3. Do I need to change my diet or medication before the test?

No, unlike older stool tests, FIT does not require dietary restrictions before collecting the sample.

4. What if I have hemorrhoids, can it affect the result?

Yes, hemorrhoids can sometimes cause a false positive due to bleeding. Your doctor will interpret the result and may suggest further evaluation if needed.

5. Is the FIT test available at RS Abdi Waluyo?

Yes. RS Abdi Waluyo offers FIT testing as part of its comprehensive colorectal cancer screening program, with follow-up evaluation and consultation by experienced gastroenterologists.

Referensi:

1. Amitay, E. L., Gies, A., Weigl, K., & Brenner, H. (2019). Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Is Fecal Sampling from Multiple Sites Necessary?. Cancers, 11(3), 400.
2. D’Souza, N., Brzezicki, A., & Abulafi, M. (2019). Faecal immunochemical testing in general practice. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 69(679), 60–61. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19X700853

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What Is Prostate Enlargement (BPH)?

Many men experience difficulty urinating as they age. This condition is often caused by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland located beneath the bladder, which presses against the urethra and obstructs urine flow.

Common symptoms include:

• Weak or interrupted urine flow
• Straining during urination
• Feeling of incomplete emptying
• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Sudden urge to urinate or difficulty holding urine

If left untreated, BPH can lead to urinary tract infections, bladder stones, or even kidney damage.

From Surgery to Laser: A Modern Breakthrough

In the past, patients with severe prostate enlargement often needed open prostate surgery or TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate), which carried a higher risk of bleeding and required a longer recovery period. Today, the Thulium FIber Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (ThuFLEP) procedure offers a minimally invasive laser alternative that is safer, more effective, and has a faster recovery.

What is ThuFLEP?

Thulium Fiber Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (ThuFLEP) is a surgical procedure that uses a high-precision thulium laser to remove enlarged prostate tissue through the urethra, without any external incision. The laser gently “peels away” excess prostate tissue with remarkable accuracy, and the tissue is then extracted using a specialized morcellator device.

The result:

• Restored urine flow
• Significant symptom relief
• Minimal bleeding and faster healing

Advantages of ThuFLEP Compared to Conventional Surgery

How is the ThuFLEP Procedure Performed?

• The patient is given anesthesia (general or spinal).
• A small endoscopic instrument is inserted through the urethra.
• The thulium laser separates the enlarged prostate tissue from its capsule.
• The removed tissue is extracted using a morcellator.
• A catheter is usually placed for 1–2 days to aid recovery.
• The entire procedure typically takes 60–90 minutes, depending on prostate size.

Who Is a Good Candidate for ThuFLEP?

ThuFLEP is ideal for patients who:

• Have moderate to large prostate enlargement
• Experience severe or recurrent urinary symptoms
• Do not respond to medication
• Have a history of urinary retention (inability to urinate)
• Prefer a minimally invasive and safe procedure with fast recovery

The ThuFLEP procedure is ideal for patients with large prostates, even up to approximately 120 ml, without requiring open surgery. The fiber laser technology allows for efficient removal of larger prostate tissue with minimal bleeding and a shorter operative time.

Figure 1. Prostate enlargement shown in MRI

Preoperative Assessments Before ThuFLEP

Before undergoing ThuFLEP surgery, the doctor will perform several important evaluations to assess the prostate condition and ensure the procedure’s safety, including:

• Prostate size assessment, using MRI or TRUS (transrectal ultrasound)
• Uroflowmetry, to measure urine flow strength and rate
• PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test, to screen for prostate cancer

These assessments are essential because ThuFLEP can only be performed if no active prostate cancer is present. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation helps doctors determine whether laser surgery is the safest and most effective option for each patient.

Is ThuFLEP Safe?

Yes. ThuFLEP is now considered a modern gold standard for treating BPH because it:

• Uses high-precision laser energy
• Minimizes bleeding
• Has a lower complication rate
• Preserves erectile function and urinary control
• Is suitable for patients with comorbidities such as heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes

Recovery After ThuFLEP

1. Most patients can go home within 1–2 days after the procedure.
2. Urinary symptoms improve significantly within a few weeks, with better urine flow and reduced discomfort.

Post-procedure recommendations:

• Drink plenty of water
• Avoid heavy lifting for 1–2 weeks
• Attend follow-up appointments as advised

RS Abdi Waluyo features a dedicated Urology Center equipped with modern facilities and a team of experienced urologists specializing in laser-based procedures such as ThuFLEP. Treatment is handled by experienced urology specialists who manage prostate enlargement and urinary disorders using the latest individualized, evidence-based approaches. If you or your loved ones are experiencing urinary difficulties, frequent nighttime urination, or the sensation of incomplete emptying, don’t delay further evaluation. Consult the Urology Specialist Team at RS Abdi Waluyo, who are ready to assist you with advanced laser treatment and comprehensive care. Call 021-3144989 or make an appointment online via https://abdiwaluyo.com/

Referensi:

1. National Cancer Institute. Definition of “transurethral resection of the prostate.” NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; [cited 2025 Oct 13]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/transurethral-resection-of-the-prostate
2. Raber, M., Buchholz, N. N. P., Vercesi, A., Hendawi, N. A., Inneo, V., Di Paola, G., Tessa, L., & Hassan, I. M. (2018). Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuFLEP): Results, complications, and risk factors in 139 consecutive cases. Arab journal of urology, 16(4), 411–416.
3. Eldib, D.B., Moussa, A.S. & Sebaey, A. Evaluation of different MRI parameters in benign prostatic hyperplasia-induced bladder outlet obstruction. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med 50, 22 (2019)

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Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women in Indonesia. However, with early detection through screening, the chances of recovery and survival increase significantly. Unfortunately, many women are still unaware of the importance of regular check-ups, especially if they don’t experience any symptoms.

Why Is Breast Cancer Screening Important?

Breast cancer screening aims to detect abnormalities or tissue changes in the breast at an early stage, even before symptoms appear. Early detection allows for quicker, less aggressive treatment and has a higher success rate.

• Key benefits of screening:
• Detects cancer at an early stage
• Improves survival rates
• Reduces the need for aggressive treatments (like chemotherapy)
• Decreases breast cancer-related mortality

One recommended method for early detection is SADANIS (Clinical Breast Examination by Healthcare Professionals). SADANIS is performed by a doctor or trained medical personnel to detect lumps or suspicious changes in the breast. This examination can identify early signs of cancer that might be missed during self-examination (SADARI).

Who Should Get Screened and When?

Screening should be done regularly by all women, especially those with the following risk factors:

• Over the age of 40
• Family history of breast cancer
• History of breast tissue changes (lumps, nipple discharge, or skin changes)
• Long-term hormonal therapy

General recommendations:

• Ages 20–39: Clinical breast exam every 3 years
• Age 40 and above: Mammogram every 1–2 years, depending on risk

For women over the age of 40, it is recommended to undergo SADANIS once a year, ideally on their birthday as an easy reminder. This simple step can help detect cancer at an earlier stage, when the chances of recovery are still very high.

Methods of Breast Cancer Screening

Several screening methods are commonly performed at hospitals:

• Clinical Breast Exam (SADANIS): Done by a healthcare professional
• Breast Ultrasound: Suitable for younger women with dense breast tissue
• Mammography: The gold standard for women over 40
• Breast MRI: For high-risk patients or unclear screening results
• These procedures are non-invasive, quick, and painless.

Don’t Wait for Symptoms to Appear

Many breast cancer patients only discover their condition after a lump or pain appears. In fact, cancer can grow silently for months or even years. That’s why regular check-ups are essential, even if you feel healthy.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, you can undergo all stages of breast screening in one place, from consultations with surgical oncology and radiology specialists to advanced imaging like ultrasound, digital mammography, and breast MRI. We also offer follow-up services if abnormalities are found, including ultrasound/mammography-guided biopsy and management by a multidisciplinary team for the best possible outcome. Contact our Surgical Oncology and Radiology team at RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or book an online appointment today.

FAQ

1. When should I start breast cancer screening?

Screening can begin at age 20 with monthly breast self-exams (SADARI). Clinical exams (SADANIS) by healthcare professionals are recommended every 3 years for ages 20–39, and annual mammograms are recommended starting at age 40.

2. What are the available breast cancer screening methods?

Common methods include:

• Physical examination by a doctor
• Breast ultrasound
• Mammography
• Breast MRI (for high-risk cases)

3. Is mammography safe and painful?

Mammography is safe, quick, and low-risk. It may cause slight discomfort due to breast compression, but the benefits of early detection far outweigh this temporary discomfort.

4. I don’t have a family history of breast cancer, do I still need screening?

Yes. The majority of breast cancer cases occur in women with no family history. Therefore, regular screening is still essential.

Referensi:

1. Tomlinson-Hansen SE, Budh DP, Sapra A. Breast Cancer Screening in the Average-Risk Patient. [Updated 2024 Oct 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556050/
2. Ren, W., Chen, M., Qiao, Y., & Zhao, F. (2022). Global guidelines for breast cancer screening: A systematic review. Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 64, 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2022.04.003

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What is Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a chronic nerve pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve). It causes sudden, sharp, electric shock-like facial pain that usually lasts for a few seconds to minutes.

There are two main types of TN:

• Classic / Idiopathic: Often caused by vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve.
• Secondary: Occurs due to underlying conditions such as stroke, brainstem tumors, multiple sclerosis, and others.

Key Symptoms to Watch For

Common signs of trigeminal neuralgia include:

• Sharp, stabbing, one-sided facial pain, often described as electric shock-like
• Short attacks lasting seconds to minutes
• May occur dozens or even hundreds of times per day
• Triggered by minor stimuli such as touching the face, chewing, shaving, speaking, or even a light breeze
• A dull, persistent ache may follow the initial attack in some cases

Why Does TN Occur? (Causes & Risk Factors)

• Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve: Small blood vessels pressing on the nerve disrupt its myelin sheath, causing abnormal pain signals.
• Nerve injury or trauma
• Other neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis
• Brainstem or trigeminal nerve lesions or tumors
• Age-related nerve degeneration, making it more common among older adults

How Do Doctors Diagnose TN?

1. History & pain assessment: The doctor will ask about the pattern, triggers, location, and frequency of pain.
2. Neurological examination: To rule out other nerve lesions or abnormalities.
3. MRI / CT scan: To detect vascular compression, tumors, or other structural abnormalities.
4. Additional tests (if needed): Nerve electrophysiology, blood tests, etc.

Accurate diagnosis is essential to tailor treatment to the underlying cause.

Figure 1. Brain MRI image of a patient with trigeminal neuralgia showing a small blood vessel compression area on the trigeminal nerve.

Treatment & Management Options for TN

Medical Therapy (First-Line Treatment)

• Anticonvulsants / neuropathic pain medications:
  • Drugs such as carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine are first-line treatments.
• Tricyclic antidepressants / adjunct medications:
  • Used when residual pain persists or when primary drugs cause side effects.
• Local anesthesia / nerve blocks:
  • Sometimes used to provide temporary pain relief.

Surgical or Interventional Procedures

If medications fail or cause intolerable side effects, invasive treatments may be considered:

• Microvascular Decompression (MVD):
  • A surgical procedure to reposition the blood vessel compressing the trigeminal nerve.
• Gamma Knife / Stereotactic Radiosurgery:
  • A non-invasive radiation surgery that targets the pain-causing portion of the nerve.
• Rhizotomy or Trigeminal Nerve Ablation:
  • Cutting or damaging selected nerve fibers to stop pain signals.
• Radiofrequency Ablation
  • Radiofrequency ablation is one of the latest treatment modalities for trigeminal neuralgia. This procedure uses radio waves to generate controlled heat on the trigeminal nerve fibers that are the source of pain. The main goal is to destroy a small portion of the nerve tissue responsible for pain without damaging the overall nerve function. The advantages of RFA include its minimally invasive nature, relatively quick recovery time, and high success rate in reducing the frequency and intensity of pain.

When Should You See a Doctor?

Consult a neurologist immediately if you experience:

• Recurrent, sharp, electric-like facial pain
• Increasing frequency or intensity of attacks
• Significant side effects from medications
• Accompanying symptoms such as facial numbness, muscle weakness, or speech changes
• No response to conservative treatment

RS Abdi Waluyo has a Brain Center that provides optimal care for neurological conditions, including trigeminal neuralgia. The Neurology and Neurosurgery services at RS Abdi Waluyo offer advanced diagnostic facilities such as MRI 3T / 1.5T, CT scan, brain mapping, EEG, and EMG. If you experience sharp facial pain, don’t ignore it. Consult the Neurology and Neurosurgery specialists at RS Abdi Waluyo today. Call 021-3144989 or book an appointment online via https://abdiwaluyo.com/

Referensi:

1. Shankar Kikkeri N, Nagalli S. Trigeminal Neuralgia. [Updated 2024 Mar 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan
2. Gambeta, E., Chichorro, J. G., & Zamponi, G. W. (2020). Trigeminal neuralgia: An overview from pathophysiology to pharmacological treatments. Molecular pain
3. Pasquini, L., Bozzao, A. (2019). Imaging of Trigeminal Neuralgia. In: Cova, M., Stacul, F. (eds) Pain Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99822-0_6

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Irregular periods, stubborn acne, unexplained weight gain? Don’t take these symptoms lightly. They could be early signs of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age that can affect fertility and long-term health.

What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries produce excessive amounts of androgens (male hormones), disrupting ovulation and leading to the formation of small cysts in the ovaries. This condition is common. According to the WHO, about 1 in 10 women have PCOS, but many don’t realize it until they face fertility issues.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

Some of the most frequent signs include:

• Irregular periods: infrequent, too frequent, or even absent menstruation
• Persistent acne and oily skin
• Excessive hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest, or abdomen
• Weight gain, especially around the abdomen, that’s hard to lose
• Fertility issues due to irregular ovulation

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of PCOS isn’t fully understood, but contributing factors may include:

Insulin resistance: the body doesn’t use insulin properly, which can trigger androgen production

• Genetics: having a mother or sister with PCOS increases your risk
• Unhealthy lifestyle: poor diet and lack of physical activity

What Happens if PCOS Ii Left Untreated?

PCOS is more than just an irregular cycle or skin problem. Without proper management, it can lead to serious health issues, such as:

• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Endometrial cancer
• Psychological problems like depression or anxiety

When Should You See a Doctor?

If you experience two or more of the symptoms above, it’s time to consult a gynecologist (Obstetrics & Gynecology Specialist). PCOS is usually diagnosed through:

• Menstrual history and symptom review
• Transvaginal ultrasound to detect ovarian cysts
• Blood tests for hormones such as LH, FSH, androgen, and insulin

To establish a diagnosis of PCOS, the doctor will perform a series of evaluations, including a medical interview, physical examination, and supporting diagnostic tests. One of the primary tests is a transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound to check for the presence of multiple small cysts in the ovaries, a classic sign of PCOS. Typically, the ovaries will appear enlarged with many small follicles arranged around the edges, resembling a “string of pearls.”

If the ultrasound results are inconclusive or further evaluation is needed, the doctor may recommend a pelvic MRI, which provides a more detailed anatomical view of the female reproductive organs. On MRI, PCOS is typically characterized by bilaterally enlarged ovaries with multiple small peripheral follicles measuring less than 9 mm in diameter.

PCOS findings on MRI3

How to Manage PCOS

While there’s no complete cure, PCOS can be effectively managed with the right approach:

Lifestyle Changes

• Lose excess weight if overweight
• Eat a low-sugar, high-fiber diet
• Exercise regularly (at least 30 minutes/day)

Medications

• Combined birth control pills to regulate cycles and reduce androgens
• Metformin for insulin resistance
• Acne treatments or hair removal medications if needed
• Fertility Treatments
  • For those trying to conceive, doctors may suggest:
    • Ovulation-inducing medications like clomiphene or letrozole
    • Assisted reproductive technologies such as IUI or IVF

Early Detection is Key

PCOS can progress quietly without clear symptoms. That’s why it’s crucial to:

• Have regular check-ups
• Track your menstrual cycle
• Watch for signs like severe acne, hair thinning, or sudden weight gain

PCOS affects not only fertility but also your long-term health. Don’t wait until the symptoms worsen. If you’re experiencing irregular periods, persistent acne, or trouble conceiving, consult an Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist at RS Abdi Waluyo. We provide a full range of services, including hormonal lab tests, transvaginal ultrasound, and a multidisciplinary team of endocrinologists and clinical nutritionists to help you understand and manage PCOS comprehensively. Call 021-3144989 or book your appointment online today.

FAQ

1. What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that disrupts ovulation, often characterized by irregular periods, excess male hormones, and ovaries with multiple small cysts.

2. What are common symptoms?

• Irregular or absent periods
• Severe acne
• Excessive hair growth
• Weight gain
• Difficulty getting pregnant

3. Does irregular menstruation always mean PCOS?

Not necessarily. It could also be due to thyroid disorders, stress, or eating disorders. However, PCOS is one of the most common causes.

4. How is PCOS diagnosed?

Through a combination of:

• Medical history and physical exam
• Transvaginal ultrasound
• Hormone blood tests

5. Can PCOS be cured?

No, but it can be well-managed through lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, medications, and, if necessary, fertility treatments recommended by your doctor.

Referensi:

1. Singh, S., Pal, N., Shubham, S., Sarma, D. K., Verma, V., Marotta, F., & Kumar, M. (2023). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Etiology, Current Management, and Future Therapeutics. Journal of clinical medicine, 12(4), 1454.
2. Dong, J., & Rees, D. A. (2023). Polycystic ovary syndrome: pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities. BMJ medicine, 2(1), e000548.
3. Zhu, Jason. (2024). An overview of the physiopathology and various treatment strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproductive and Developmental Medicine. 8. 50.

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Every year on September 8, the world observes World Physical Therapy Day, an important moment to raise awareness about the vital role of physiotherapy in maintaining health, accelerating recovery, and preventing various musculoskeletal disorders. Physiotherapy is not just for injury recovery, it’s a key to improving overall quality of life.

What is Physiotherapy and Why is It Important?

Physiotherapy is a form of healthcare that focuses on treating movement and functional disorders, whether caused by injury, illness, or aging. Through manual therapy techniques, physical exercises, and posture education, physiotherapists help patients reduce pain, improve mobility, and prevent recurrence.

Some key benefits of physiotherapy include:

• Relieving muscle, joint, and nerve pain
• Increasing muscle strength and flexibility
• Aiding recovery after stroke or surgery
• Preventing recurrent injuries, especially in athletes or manual laborers
• Improving posture and overall movement quality

Who Needs Physiotherapy?

Physiotherapy isn’t just for post-operative or injury recovery patients. People with the following conditions can also benefit greatly:

• Chronic back or neck pain
• Arthritis or osteoarthritis
• Herniated disc (HNP)
• Chronic respiratory conditions like COPD
• Post-COVID-19 recovery (respiratory rehabilitation)
• Stroke or bone fracture rehabilitation

The Role of Physiotherapists in Long-Term Health

Physiotherapists don’t just work in hospitals, they also practice in clinics, sports centers, and homecare services. They create personalized therapy programs tailored to each patient’s condition and recovery goals. Using an evidence-based approach and regular evaluations, physiotherapists also provide education on ergonomics, proper stretching techniques, and safe physical activities to prevent future injuries.

When Should You See a Physiotherapist?

You should consult a physiotherapist if you experience:

• Persistent muscle pain or stiffness that doesn’t improve within days
• Difficulty moving or performing daily activities
• History of injury or recent surgery
• Issues with balance or coordination

Early consultation with a physiotherapist can be crucial in preventing the condition from worsening.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, we understand that recovery isn’t just about medical treatment, it’s about restoring quality of life. Our physiotherapy services are handled by experienced professionals and supported by modern technology. From musculoskeletal and neurological therapy to post-operative cardiac or orthopedic rehabilitation, we provide it all. Schedule a consultation with our Physiotherapy Team at RS Abdi Waluyo for tailored, effective care. Call us at 021-3144989 or book an appointment online today.

FAQ

• Is physiotherapy only for post-surgery or injury patients?

No. Physiotherapy is also beneficial for people with chronic pain, poor posture, herniated discs (HNP), balance disorders, or post-stroke rehabilitation. Even healthy individuals can benefit from physiotherapy to prevent injury and improve mobility.

• How many physiotherapy sessions do I need?

It depends on your condition and how your body responds to treatment. Some patients may only need 2–3 sessions, while others may require weekly or monthly programs customized by a physiotherapist.

• Can physiotherapy be done at home?

Yes. At RS Abdi Waluyo, homecare physiotherapy services are available, especially for patients with limited mobility or those recovering from major surgery. However, for certain conditions, in-clinic therapy with equipment and supervision is recommended.

• Is physiotherapy safe for the elderly?

Absolutely. In fact, it’s highly recommended. Physiotherapy can help seniors reduce fall risk, improve flexibility, maintain muscle strength, and enhance overall quality of life.

Referensi:

1. InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. In brief: Physical therapy. [Updated 2024 Mar 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK561514/
2. Bielecki JE, Tadi P. Therapeutic Exercise. [Updated 2023 Jul 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555914/

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Understanding Bone and Trauma Surgery

Bone and trauma surgery, also known as orthopaedic trauma surgery, is a medical field that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of injuries involving the bones, joints, and surrounding soft tissues (muscles, ligaments, and tendons). These injuries can occur due to accidents, falls, sports activities, or degenerative conditions such as osteoporosis. The main goal of trauma surgery is to restore bone structure and function, relieve pain, and help patients regain mobility and independence as quickly and safely as possible.

Common Causes of Bone and Joint Injuries

Here are some of the most frequent injuries that may require fracture and trauma surgery:

When Is Surgery Needed?

Not all fractures require surgery, but surgical intervention is usually recommended when:

• The fracture is displaced or misaligned.
• The injury involves soft tissue, blood vessel, or nerve damage.
• There is an open fracture that increases the risk of infection.
• The fracture occurs in or near a joint, affecting movement and stability.
• Conservative treatments (like casts or splints) fail to promote proper healing.

How is Fracture and Trauma Surgery Performed?

Surgery is performed to realign and stabilize the bone and promote faster healing. The specific procedure depends on the location and severity of the injury, but generally involves:

• General or regional anesthesia to ensure patient comfort.
• Open reduction, carefully repositioning the bone to its proper alignment.
• Internal fixation using plates, screws, pins, or metal rods to stabilize the bone.
• Wound closure and rehabilitation, where the incision is closed with sterile technique and the patient begins physiotherapy soon after surgery.
• Thanks to medical advances, many of these procedures can now be performed using minimally invasive surgical techniques, resulting in less post-operative pain and a faster recovery time.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

After surgery, patients will undergo a gradual recovery process under the supervision of doctors and physiotherapists. The goal of rehabilitation is to restore muscle strength, joint flexibility, and full movement. Typical recovery stages include:

• Days 1–3: Light exercises and early mobilization with physiotherapy assistance.
• Weeks 1–4: Range-of-motion and muscle-strengthening exercises around the injured area.
• After 4 weeks: Gradual return to light daily activities under medical supervision.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, patients receive personalized recovery programs at the Rehabilitation & Physiotherapy Center, equipped with advanced tools and experienced specialists.

Possible Complications

While modern surgical techniques are highly safe, some potential complications may still occur, such as:

• Post-surgical infection
• Delayed bone healing (delayed union) or failure to heal (non-union)
• Joint stiffness
• Nerve or vascular injury near the fracture site
• Leg length discrepancy or imbalance

Regular follow-up appointments are essential to ensure healing progresses well and to detect complications early.

RS Abdi Waluyo provides specialized care through its Orthopaedic Department, offering a comprehensive approach for bone and trauma surgery. Available services include: Orthopaedic consultation, Fracture and trauma surgery, Minimally invasive fixation procedures, and Post-operative rehabilitation programs. Contact RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or make an online appointment via https://abdiwaluyo.com/ 

FAQ

1. Do all bone fractures require surgery?
   Some minor fractures can heal with a cast or splint, but surgery is needed if the bone is displaced or involves a joint.

2. How long does recovery take after fracture surgery?
   It depends on the type and location of the fracture. Typically, bones take 6–12 weeks to heal, accompanied by regular physiotherapy.

3. Is fracture surgery safe for elderly patients?
   Yes. With thorough preoperative evaluation and modern techniques, surgery can be performed safely even in older patients.

4. Do metal implants need to be removed later?
   Not always. Most implants can remain in place permanently unless they cause discomfort or irritation.

5. When should I see a doctor after an injury?
   Immediately after any serious trauma, especially if you experience severe pain, swelling, deformity, or difficulty moving the affected area.

Referensi:

1. Sop JL, Sop A. Open Fracture Management. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448083/
2. Gosselin RA, Charles A, Joshipura M, et al. Surgery and Trauma Care. In: Debas HT, Donkor P, Gawande A, et al., editors. Essential Surgery: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 1). Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2015 Apr 2. Chapter 3. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK333507/ doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0346-8_ch3

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What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the digestive tract, causing long-term inflammation in the intestinal walls. IBD is not a simple digestive problem, it is a chronic, relapsing condition that can significantly affect one’s quality of life if left untreated.

There are two main types of IBD:

• Crohn’s Disease: Can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus, most commonly the small intestine and colon.
• Ulcerative Colitis: Affects only the large intestine (colon) and rectum, leading to ulcers and bleeding in the inner lining of the bowel.

Common Symptoms to Watch Out For

IBD symptoms can appear gradually or suddenly, depending on the severity of inflammation.

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain or cramping that comes and goes
• Bloating and excessive gas
• Chronic diarrhea, sometimes mixed with blood or mucus
• Bloody stools without a clear cause
• Fatigue and unintended weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Low-grade fever during flare-ups

In some cases, patients may also experience joint pain, mouth ulcers, or skin and eye problems due to inflammation outside the digestive tract.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of IBD is still unclear, but several factors are believed to contribute, including:

• Genetic predisposition (family history)
• Immune system dysfunction, where the body attacks its own intestinal tissue
• Environmental factors, such as a high-fat, low-fiber diet
• Chronic stress and unhealthy lifestyle
• History of smoking or prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

To establish a diagnosis, your doctor will perform a series of tests, such as:

• Blood and stool tests to detect inflammation or infection.
• Colonoscopy, to directly visualize the intestinal walls and take a tissue biopsy.
• CT scan or MRI of the intestines (Enterography), to identify inflamed areas in greater detail.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, examinations are supported by 3 Tesla MRI technology, providing high-resolution imaging that helps doctors accurately determine the location and extent of inflammation. In addition, RS Abdi Waluyo also provides capsule endoscopy, an advanced diagnostic technology that allows doctors to visualize the entire digestive tract using a tiny camera capsule swallowed by the patient. This examination is particularly useful for detecting subtle inflammation in the small intestine that may not be visible with conventional endoscopy.

Treatment and Management of IBD

The main goals of treatment are to control inflammation, relieve symptoms, and prevent relapses. Therapy may include:

• Anti-inflammatory medications such as mesalazine or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
• Immunomodulators or biologics to suppress excessive immune activity.
• Antibiotics if secondary infection is present.
• Lifestyle and dietary adjustments, including reducing fatty, spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine.
• Surgery in severe cases, such as intestinal narrowing or uncontrolled bleeding.

Today, treatments for IBD are rapidly advancing with the development of targeted medical therapies. In addition to anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, immunomodulators and biologic therapies are now available, working directly to suppress the abnormal immune response that causes intestinal inflammation. Although these treatments remain limited in Indonesia, RS Abdi Waluyo is among the few hospitals that provide access to immunomodulator and biologic therapy for IBD patients, under the supervision of experienced gastroenterology specialists.

Lifestyle Tips for IBD Patients

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience:

• Bloody or mucus-filled stools
• Diarrhea lasting more than two weeks without improvement
• Severe abdominal pain, extreme fatigue, or sudden weight loss
• A family history of IBD or autoimmune disease

Early diagnosis and treatment significantly reduce the risk of serious complications such as bowel obstruction, perforation, or colorectal cancer.

RS Abdi Waluyo is one of Indonesia’s leading IBD Centers, offering a one-stop service that covers the entire continuum of care, from diagnosis to treatment, in a single facility. Care is provided through a multidisciplinary team of specialists in internal medicine, gastroenterology, radiology, pathology, and nutrition. This comprehensive approach is essential, as IBD complications can affect not only the digestive tract but also other organs such as the joints, skin, and eyes. Through integrated, continuous care, patients receive precise evaluations and personalized treatment for optimal outcomes. Contact RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or make an online appointment via https://abdiwaluyo.com/ 

References:

1. McDowell C, Farooq U, Haseeb M. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. [Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470312/
2. Fakhoury, M., Negrulj, R., Mooranian, A., & Al-Salami, H. (2014). Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and treatments. Journal of inflammation research, 7, 113–120. 

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The Importance of Empathy & Social Support

People living with psoriasis face not only physical challenges but also psychological and social barriers, such as:

• Feeling self-conscious due to fear of being seen as “dirty” or “infectious.”
• Social isolation or decreased self-confidence because of visible skin symptoms.
• Delayed medical consultation due to embarrassment or lack of information.

That’s why family, friends, colleagues, and the community play a vital role in providing support, understanding, and helping patients access appropriate care.

Take Action for Your Skin Health

• Recognize early symptoms and don’t ignore them.
  If you notice red, scaly patches, itching or soreness, nail changes, or joint pain, consult a dermatologist promptly.
• Manage triggers
  Factors like stress, smoking, obesity, skin infections, and dry weather can trigger or worsen psoriasis. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is key.
• Join support groups and public education initiatives
  Connecting with advocacy groups or health campaigns helps raise awareness and reduce stigma surrounding psoriasis.

Holistic and Integrated Care

Since psoriasis can involve the joints or other health conditions, a multidisciplinary approach, involving dermatologists, rheumatologists, and other healthcare professionals,  is highly recommended.

Psoriasis is a lifelong condition that requires long-term commitment to management. Regular consultations with doctors, adherence to prescribed therapy, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle help minimize the risk of flare-ups. Routine check-ups remain essential even when the skin looks normal, to ensure the condition stays under control and any signs of worsening can be detected early.

RS Abdi Waluyo provides specialized care through its Dermatology and Venereology (Skin & Genital) Department, offering a comprehensive approach for psoriasis management.

Available services include: Dermatology consultation, Topical and systemic therapies, and Regular monitoring of skin and joint conditions. Contact RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or make an online appointment via https://abdiwaluyo.com/ 

FAQ

1. What causes psoriasis?
   Psoriasis results from a combination of genetic factors, an overactive immune system, and environmental triggers such as stress, infection, or skin injury.

2. Can psoriasis be completely cured?
   Currently, there is no definitive cure, but symptoms can be well-managed with medical treatment, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring.

3. Is psoriasis contagious?
   No. Psoriasis is not caused by bacteria or viruses and cannot spread through physical contact. It is an autoimmune condition.

4. When should I see a doctor?
   Seek medical attention if you experience persistent red, scaly skin patches, nail deformities, or joint pain. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve outcomes.

5. How can RS Abdi Waluyo help people with psoriasis?
   RS Abdi Waluyo offers specialized dermatology services for comprehensive psoriasis care,  including evaluation of skin and joints, tailored therapies, and integrated follow-up.

References:

1. Nair PA, Badri T. Psoriasis. [Updated 2023 Apr 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448194/
2. Raharja, A., Mahil, S. K., & Barker, J. N. (2021). Psoriasis: a brief overview. Clinical medicine (London, England), 21(3), 170–173.

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What is Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS)?

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS – Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat) is a set of daily habits and actions aimed at maintaining personal health, preventing disease, and promoting a healthier environment. The concept, widely promoted by public health programs in Indonesia, emphasizes the importance of awareness and discipline in maintaining hygiene, not only for ourselves but also for our families and communities. In simple terms, PHBS means making clean and healthy choices every day from how we eat and drink, to how we maintain our home, manage waste, and prevent disease transmission.

Why PHBS is So Important
The main goal of PHBS is disease prevention.

By maintaining cleanliness and adopting healthy habits, we can drastically reduce the risk of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, dengue fever, respiratory infections, and even lifestyle-related conditions like hypertension and diabetes. Practicing PHBS also brings broader benefits:

• • Improves overall body fitness and immunity
  • Supports mental well-being and productivity
  • Creates a healthier home and community environment
  • Reduces healthcare costs for individuals and families

In essence, clean and healthy living is the first line of defense against illness, and it starts with small daily actions.

Examples of Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors at Home

PHBS at School and the Workplace

PHBS doesn’t stop at home. Implementing clean and healthy living behavior in schools helps students stay focused, avoid illness, and create a positive learning environment. Meanwhile, at workplaces, PHBS practices, such as maintaining cleanliness, washing hands, ensuring good ventilation, and managing stress, contribute to higher productivity and fewer sick days.

Encouraging PHBS in shared spaces builds a collective culture of health, where everyone feels responsible for their well-being and that of others.

How to Build Consistent PHBS Habits

• Start with awareness: understand the importance of cleanliness and hygiene for long-term health.
• Lead by example: parents, teachers, and community leaders play a crucial role in shaping healthy habits.
• Make it routine: schedule regular cleaning, healthy meals, and exercise times.
• Use reminders: posters, digital apps, or community boards to reinforce key messages.
• Involve everyone: from family members to colleagues and neighbors, so the behavior becomes part of the community’s identity.

The Role of Health Facilities in Supporting PHBS

Hospitals and clinics also play a vital role in promoting PHBS through health education, early screening, and preventive check-ups. By identifying potential health issues early, individuals can receive timely interventions and avoid complications. By applying PHBS consistently, you’re not only protecting yourself from illness but also contributing to a healthier community. For regular health check-ups, nutrition advice, or preventive care, consult the Internal Medicine and General Health Team at RS Abdi Waluyo. Call 021-3144989 or make an appointment online at https://abdiwaluyo.com/ Today.

FAQ

1. What does PHBS stand for?
PHBS stands for Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat, which translates to Clean and Healthy Living Behavior, a lifestyle approach focused on hygiene, nutrition, and disease prevention.

2. Why is PHBS important for families?
Because families are the smallest unit of society. Practicing PHBS at home helps build healthier generations and prevents diseases from spreading.

3. How can I start living a cleaner and healthier life?
Begin with simple actions like washing your hands regularly, eating balanced meals, staying active, and keeping your home clean and well-ventilated.

4. Is PHBS only for individuals?
No, PHBS is a shared responsibility across households, schools, workplaces, and communities. Everyone plays a part in maintaining public health.

References:

1. Nurhanifah, D. ., Ihsan Kamaruddin, M. ., & Andani, N. . (2024). Clean and Healthy Living Behavior Education to improve the knowledge of Elementary School Students. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Edukasi Indonesia, 1(1), 29–35.
2. Nst, I. A., Ashar, Y. K., & Siregar, P. A. (2024). Factors Related to Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) in Students. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 6(3), 1783-1792.

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Why Knee Pain Can Affect Your Daily Activities

Knee pain is one of the most common joint complaints, especially among older adults. The condition is often caused by osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that damages the cartilage, the smooth tissue that cushions the knee joint. When the cartilage wears down, the bones rub against each other, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and difficulty moving.

Other possible causes include old injuries, rheumatoid arthritis, or knee deformities. When the pain becomes severe and conservative treatments such as medication, physiotherapy, or joint injections no longer help, your doctor may recommend a knee replacement surgery as the next step.

What is Knee Replacement Surgery?

Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the damaged parts of the knee joint with artificial implants (prostheses) made of metal and medical-grade plastic that function like a natural knee. This procedure aims to relieve pain, restore mobility, and improve your ability to walk comfortably again.

There are two main types of knee replacement:

• Total Knee Replacement (TKR): The entire knee joint is replaced.
• Partial Knee Replacement (PKR): Only the damaged part of the joint is replaced, if the rest remains healthy.

When is Knee Replacement Recommended?

Your orthopedic specialist may recommend knee replacement surgery if you experience:

• Severe knee pain that interferes with daily activities such as walking or climbing stairs
• Joint stiffness and reduced range of motion
• Lack of improvement with medication, physiotherapy, or other treatments
• Knee deformities, such as bow-legged (O-shaped) or knock-kneed (X-shaped) alignment

If left untreated, severe knee damage can lead to permanent disability and a significant decline in quality of life.

Preoperative Preparation Before Knee Replacement Surgery

Before undergoing knee replacement surgery, patients will go through several evaluations to ensure that the joint, bone, and surrounding tissues are ready for the procedure.

Key assessments include:

• High-Resolution Knee MRI (3 Tesla MRI), RS Abdi Waluyo is equipped with an advanced 3 Tesla MRI, which provides extremely detailed imaging of the knee joint and soft tissues. This allows doctors to accurately assess the extent of joint damage and plan the surgery with precision.
• Blood and cardiac evaluations to ensure the patient is in good overall condition before surgery.
• Anesthesia consultation to determine the safest and most suitable type of anesthesia.
• Preoperative physiotherapy, designed to strengthen the knee and leg muscles prior to surgery.

With comprehensive preoperative preparation, the surgery can be performed more safely, and the recovery process will yield optimal results.

How is Knee Replacement Surgery Performed?

1. General anesthesia is administered to ensure you remain comfortable and pain-free during the procedure.
2. The surgeon makes a small incision in front of the knee to access the joint.
3. The damaged cartilage and bone are carefully removed.
4. A custom artificial implant is inserted to replace the damaged joint surfaces.
5. Once proper alignment and stability are ensured, the incision is closed and you will be transferred to the recovery room.
6. The entire procedure typically takes 1–2 hours, depending on the complexity of the case.

Figure 1. MRI Results of knee replacement surgery

Advantages of Modern Knee Replacement Surgery

Recovery After Knee Replacement Surgery

After surgery, patients are guided by a rehabilitation team to help speed up recovery.

Most patients can stand or walk with assistance within 24 hours after the operation.

Typical recovery timeline:

• Days 1–3: Begin sitting and standing with physiotherapist assistance
• Weeks 1–2: Start walking with a walker or cane
• Weeks 4–6: Improved muscle strength and reduced pain
• After 3 months: Gradual return to normal daily activities

A structured rehabilitation and physiotherapy program plays a vital role in restoring knee strength and flexibility after surgery.

RS Abdi Waluyo has a dedicated Orthopedic Clinic with state-of-the-art facilities and experienced orthopedic surgeons specializing in modern knee replacement procedures. If you or a loved one suffer from chronic knee pain, stiffness, or difficulty walking, don’t wait until it gets worse. Rehabilitation after surgery is the most crucial stage in achieving the best possible outcome. At RS Abdi Waluyo, patients receive personalized care at the Physiotherapy Center, equipped with modern facilities and guided by experienced physiotherapists. Each rehabilitation program is tailored to help patients regain muscle strength, joint flexibility, and walking ability step by step, ensuring a smooth and complete recovery.

Consult the Orthopedic Specialist Team at RS Abdi Waluyo, who are experienced in modern, minimally invasive knee replacement techniques. Call 021-3144989 or make an appointment online via https://abdiwaluyo.com/ today.

FAQ

1. Is knee replacement surgery safe?
   Yes. It is a highly successful and safe procedure, especially when performed by skilled orthopedic surgeons in a modern hospital like RS Abdi Waluyo.

2. How long does it take to recover after surgery?
   Most patients can walk with assistance within 1–2 days after surgery and return to light activities within 4–6 weeks, depending on individual health and recovery progress.

3. How long do knee implants last?
   Modern implants are designed to last 15–20 years or longer, depending on your activity level and lifestyle.

4. Can elderly patients undergo this surgery?
   Yes. Knee replacement surgery is safe for elderly patients as long as their overall health, such as heart, lung, and blood pressure, is stable. Preoperative evaluations are conducted to ensure safety.

5. When should I consider knee replacement surgery?
   If knee pain interferes with daily life, walking, or sleep and no longer improves with medication or physiotherapy, it’s time to consult an orthopedic specialist to evaluate your suitability for surgery.

References:

1. Price, A. J., Alvand, A., Troelsen, A., Katz, J. N., Hooper, G., Gray, A., Carr, A., & Beard, D. (2018). Knee replacement. Lancet (London, England), 392(10158), 1672–1682. 
2. Gemayel AC, Varacallo MA. Total Knee Replacement Techniques. [Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538208/
3. Endo Y, Burge AJ, Koff MF, Lin B, Westrich GH, Boettner F, Chiu YF, Potter HG. Diagnostic performance of MRI for component loosening in total knee arthroplasty compared with radiography. Radiology. 2022;304(1):128–136

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What Is Arthroscopy?

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat various joint disorders, including the knee, shoulder, wrist, elbow, ankle, and hip. Through a small keyhole-sized incision, the surgeon inserts a high-resolution camera (arthroscope) and specialized surgical instruments to view and treat the inside of the joint directly.

This modern procedure provides high accuracy with minimal scarring and faster recovery time compared to traditional open joint surgery.

When is Arthroscopy Needed?

Doctors usually recommend arthroscopy when physical examinations and imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs cannot clearly identify the cause of joint pain.

It can be performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in a single procedure.

Conditions that can be treated with arthroscopy include:

• Torn knee ligaments or meniscus
• Rotator cuff tears in the shoulder
• Arthritis or joint inflammation
• Synovial diseases or abnormal tissue growth
• Removal of loose bone or cartilage fragments
• Joint injuries from trauma or degeneration

Advantages of Arthroscopy Compared to Conventional Surgery

How is Arthroscopy Performed?

1. General anesthesia is administered to ensure the patient remains completely comfortable and pain-free throughout the procedure
2. The surgeon makes a small incision to insert the arthroscope camera.
3. The interior of the joint is displayed in real-time on a monitor.
4. Using specialized instruments, the surgeon can repair damaged tissue, remove loose cartilage, or reconstruct ligaments.
5. After the procedure, the small incisions are closed with one or two stitches.
6. Most arthroscopies take about 30–90 minutes, depending on the joint and the extent of the damage.

Joints Commonly Treated with Arthroscopy

Benefits of Arthroscopy for Patients

• Tiny incision and faster wound healing
• Less postoperative pain
• Lower risk of bleeding and infection
• Shorter hospital stay and faster recovery
• Quicker return to daily activities or sports
• Ideal for athletes, active individuals, and seniors

Recovery After Arthroscopy

Most patients can go home the same day or the next day after surgery. Full recovery depends on the type of joint and procedure performed.

General recovery tips:

• Rest the joint and avoid strenuous activity for several days
• Apply cold compresses to reduce swelling
• Perform gentle stretching or range-of-motion exercises as directed
• Continue rehabilitation or physiotherapy sessions to restore muscle strength and joint mobility

RS Abdi Waluyo is also equipped with a dedicated Rehabilitation Center, providing personalized physiotherapy and recovery programs to help patients regain strength, flexibility, and confidence after surgery. If you or a family member are experiencing persistent joint pain, sports injuries, or limited mobility in the knee, shoulder, or ankle, don’t ignore the symptoms. Consult the Orthopedic Specialist Team at RS Abdi Waluyo today, Arthroscopy could be the modern solution to restore your movement and quality of life. Call 021-3144989 or make an appointment online via https://abdiwaluyo.com/ today.

FAQ

1. Is arthroscopy painful?

No. Arthroscopy is performed under general anesthesia, so patients do not feel pain during the procedure. Some mild soreness or swelling may occur afterward, which can be managed with medication and rest.

2. How long does recovery take after arthroscopy?

Most patients can resume light activities within a few days and return to full function within 4 – 6 weeks, depending on the type of joint treated and the complexity of the procedure.

3. Are there any risks to arthroscopy?

As with any surgery, there are minimal risks such as infection or stiffness, but these are rare. With experienced orthopedic surgeons and sterile techniques, the risk is very low.

4. When can I start physiotherapy after surgery?

Physiotherapy typically begins a few days after the procedure. The Rehabilitation Center at RS Abdi Waluyo offers customized recovery plans supervised by physiotherapists to ensure optimal healing.

5. Can arthroscopy be done for both diagnosis and treatment?

Yes. Arthroscopy allows doctors to see inside the joint and, if needed, treat the problem immediately using specialized instruments, all within the same session.

Resource :

1. LaPrade, R. F., Spalding, T., Murray, I. R., Chahla, J., Safran, M. R., Larson, C. M., Faucett, S. C., von Bormann, R., Brophy, R. H., Maestu, R., Krych, A. J., Firer, P., & Engebretsen, L. (2020). Knee arthroscopy: evidence for a targeted approach. British journal of sports medicine, 55(13), 707–708. Advance online publication
2. InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Osteoarthritis of the knee: Research summaries – Does arthroscopy help in osteoarthritis of the knee? [Updated 2024 May 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544979/

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Persistent knee and joint pain can significantly disrupt daily activities. In the past, many patients believed surgery was the only solution. However, medical advancements now offer a modern regenerative therapy promising optimal results without invasive procedures: stem cell and secretome therapy.

What Are Stem Cell and Secretome Therapies?

Stem cells are master cells with the unique ability to repair damaged tissues, including bone, joints, and soft tissue. Meanwhile, secretome refers to a collection of bioactive substances secreted by stem cells, such as proteins, enzymes, and growth factors—that play vital roles in healing and tissue regeneration.

Together, these therapies are used to regenerate worn cartilage (e.g., in osteoarthritis), reduce joint inflammation, accelerate recovery after injury or trauma, amd minimize long-term dependence on painkillers

Who is a Good Candidate for This Therapy?

Stem cell and secretome therapies are suitable for individuals with:

• Osteoarthritis (joint degeneration)
• Ligament or meniscus injuries
• Chronic knee pain that doesn’t improve with conservative therapy
• Reduced mobility due to tissue degeneration

These therapies are also excellent alternatives for patients who want to avoid surgery or are at high risk for surgical procedures.

What’s the Procedure Like?

• Initial Consultation & Diagnostic Tests

The doctor will assess the joint condition through physical examination and imaging tests like MRI or X-rays to evaluate tissue damage.

• Therapy Procedure

Stem cells, typically harvested from the patient’s own fat or bone marrow, are processed and then injected into the affected joint. Secretome therapy may be administered alongside or as a follow-up treatment.

• Rehabilitation

After treatment, patients undergo a light physiotherapy program to gradually restore joint function.

Advantages of Stem Cell & Secretome Therapy

• Minimally invasive (non-surgical)
• Faster recovery time
• Lower risk of complications
• Potential to delay or avoid joint replacement surgery (TKA/THR)

It is important to note that this therapy is not a one-time injection treatment. Patients typically require multiple cycles or sessions over a certain period. Tissue regeneration effects are not immediate, it may take several weeks to months to begin experiencing the full benefits, depending on the extent of damage and the individual’s response to the therapy.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, stem cell and secretome therapy is exclusively performed by orthopedic specialists who have received specialized training and certification. This ensures the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the therapy in accordance with established medical protocols. Discover a safer and more natural solution through stem cell and secretome therapy at RS Abdi Waluyo. For more information, contact our Orthopedic Specialist Team at 021-3144989 or book an appointment online today.

FAQ

1. What’s the difference between stem cells and secretome?

Stem cells are master cells that can develop into various body cell types and repair damaged tissue. Secretome, on the other hand, is a collection of bioactive substances secreted by stem cells (such as proteins and growth factors) that aid tissue healing and regeneration.

2. Is stem cell and secretome therapy safe?

Yes. This therapy is generally safe when performed by qualified professionals following established medical protocols. Since the stem cells are usually autologous (from the patient’s own body), the risk of rejection is very low.

3. Can this therapy replace surgery?

It depends on the extent of joint damage. For mild to moderate cases, this therapy can help delay or avoid surgery. In more severe cases, surgery might still be necessary, but regenerative therapy can be a complementary treatment to enhance recovery.

4. Is everyone eligible for this therapy?

Not necessarily. Patients with active infections, blood clotting disorders, or certain medical conditions require further evaluation. A thorough assessment by a specialist is essential before undergoing treatment.

5. How many therapy sessions are needed?

The number of sessions depends on the patient’s condition, the severity of joint damage, and the body’s response to treatment. In many cases, 1–2 sessions combined with post-procedure physiotherapy can lead to significant improvement.

Resource :

1. Pinho, A. G., Cibrão, J. R., Silva, N. A., Monteiro, S., & Salgado, A. J. (2020). Cell Secretome: Basic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities for CNS Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 13(2), 31.
2. Da Silva, K., Kumar, P., & Choonara, Y. E. (2025). The paradigm of stem cell secretome in tissue repair and regeneration: Present and future perspectives. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society, 33(1), e13251

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What is Intestinal Ultrasound (IUS)?

Intestinal Ultrasound (IUS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualize the small and large intestines without any radiation exposure. Through IUS, doctors can assess intestinal inflammation, wall thickening, obstructions, or structural abnormalities quickly and comfortably. Because it is real-time, safe, and painless, IUS has become an increasingly popular choice for diagnosing digestive issues or inflammatory bowel diseases.

When is Intestinal Ultrasound Needed?

Your doctor may recommend an IUS examination if you experience:

• Persistent or recurring abdominal pain
• Chronic diarrhea or irregular bowel movements
• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
• Suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
• Monitoring treatment response in IBD patients
• Unclear digestive symptoms after other tests

While IUS has many advantages, it also has some limitations — for example, it may be difficult to visualize very deep sections of the intestine and requires an experienced operator.

How is IUS Performed?

1. The patient lies down in a comfortable position to allow optimal access to the abdominal area.
2. A layer of special gel is applied to the skin to improve sound wave transmission.
3. The doctor moves the ultrasound probe gently across the abdomen.
4. Real-time images of the intestinal wall, mucosa, and surrounding tissues appear on the screen.
5. If any abnormality is found, such as wall thickening, the doctor may recommend further tests like CT or endoscopy.

What Can Be Detected with IUS?

• Intestinal wall thickening
• Structural changes of the intestine
• Signs of inflammation
• Ulcers or erosions (depending on depth)
• Obstructions or narrowing
• Fluid collection or abscess around the intestine
• Treatment response evaluation in IBD patients

Figure 1. Abnormal findings from the intestinal ultrasound

Who Should and Shouldn’t Have IUS?

IUS is suitable for:

• Patients with chronic digestive symptoms without a clear diagnosis
• Individuals with IBD needing treatment monitoring
• Patients looking for a non-invasive alternative before undergoing endoscopy or CT

IUS may not be suitable if:

• The patient has an acute intestinal emergency (e.g., bowel perforation)
• Excessive gas or stool blocks image visualization
• The affected area is too deep to reach clearly

Combining IUS with Other Examinations

Intestinal ultrasound is often used as an initial or complementary test alongside:

• Endoscopy / Colonoscopy
• CT Abdomen or MRI Enterography (MRE)
• Laboratory and inflammatory marker tests
• Combining these results gives a more comprehensive and accurate diagnosis.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, the Gastrointestinal & Hepatology Center provides integrated care for digestive system disorders, including small and large intestinal diseases. RS Abdi Waluyo’s gastroenterology team is supported by experienced specialists in endoscopy and digestive health. If you or a family member often experience abdominal pain, irregular bowel movements, or persistent digestive discomfort, don’t ignore it. Consult your condition with the Gastroentero-Hepatology specialist team at RS Abdi Waluyo, which offers complete diagnostic and therapeutic care for digestive health. Contact 021-3144989 or book an appointment online via https://abdiwaluyo.com

Resource :

1. Piro, K., Ma, I. W. Y., Shokoohi, H., & Novak, K. (2025). Intestinal Ultrasound in Common Gastrointestinal Disorders: An Evidence-Based Approach. The Medical clinics of North America, 109(1), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2024.08.006
2. Piro K, Ma IWY, Shokoohi H, Novak K. Intestinal Ultrasound in Common Gastrointestinal Disorders: An Evidence-Based Approach. Med Clin North Am. 2025 Jan;109(1):177-189.

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Breast cancer remains a frightening disease for many women. But even more dangerous than the disease itself are the myths that delay early detection and proper treatment. The earlier breast cancer is found, the greater the chances of recovery. Here are some of the most common myths in society, along with medical facts you need to know:

Myth 1: Breast Cancer Only Happens to Women

Fact:

While it’s more common in women, men can also develop breast cancer, though their risk is much lower. Men should still be vigilant if they notice lumps or changes in their breast tissue.

Myth 2: No Family History Means I’m Safe

Fact:

Around 85% of breast cancer cases occur in women with no family history. Other factors such as age, lifestyle, and hormones also influence risk. This means everyone should have regular screenings, even without a family history.

Myth 3: All Breast Lumps Are Cancerous

Fact:

Not all lumps in the breast are cancer. Many are benign, such as cysts or fibroadenomas. However, all lumps should still be checked by a healthcare provider through clinical exams and imaging like ultrasound or mammography.

Myth 4: Mammograms Can Cause Cancer

Fact:

The radiation from mammograms is very low and does not cause cancer. Mammography is one of the best tools for detecting breast cancer early, even before symptoms appear.

Myth 5: Breast Cancer Always Appears as a Lump

Fact:

Breast cancer can also manifest as changes in the breast’s shape or size, skin dimpling (like an orange peel), nipple retraction, or unusual nipple discharge. Any of these signs should be checked by a doctor immediately.

Early Detection Saves Lives

For younger women (typically under 40 years old), breast ultrasound is the first recommended screening tool because their breast tissue is usually denser, making mammography less accurate. As age increases, or for women with higher risk factors, mammography or breast MRI may be considered as part of routine screening.

Here is one of the example of mammogram examination results:

Figure 1. Results of the mammogram

Normal mammogram: breast tissue without visible masses or abnormal calcifications.

Mammogram with positive findings: shows irregular masses, clusters of microcalcifications, or architectural distortions that may suggest cancer.

For those at high risk, additional tests such as breast MRI may be recommended. Believing in myths can delay diagnosis and reduce the chance of recovery. By knowing the correct medical facts, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from unnecessary risk. If you have concerns about your breasts, a family history of cancer, or want to start routine screening, the surgical specialists at RS Abdi Waluyo are ready to assist with complete and accurate screening facilities. Call 021-3144989 or book an appointment online  today for consultation and further examination.

FAQ

1. Can men get breast cancer?

Yes. Although rare, men have breast tissue and can develop breast cancer, especially with a family history or certain genetic conditions.

2. If I have no family history, do I still need breast cancer screening?

Yes. About 85% of breast cancer cases occur in women without a family history. Routine screening is still essential for early detection.

3. Are all breast lumps dangerous?

Not always. Many lumps are benign, like cysts or fibroadenomas. However, all lumps should be examined by a doctor to confirm the cause.

4. Is mammography dangerous because of radiation?

No. Mammography uses low-dose radiation that is safe and highly effective for detecting cancer early, even before symptoms.

5. Does breast cancer only appear as a lump?

No. It can also appear as changes in breast shape, skin color, nipple inversion, or unusual discharge.

Resource :

1. Menon G, Alkabban FM, Ferguson T. Breast Cancer. [Updated 2024 Feb 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482286/
2. Łukasiewicz, S., Czeczelewski, M., Forma, A., Baj, J., Sitarz, R., & Stanisławek, A. (2021). Breast Cancer-Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Prognostic Markers, and Current Treatment Strategies-An Updated Review. Cancers, 13(17), 4287. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174287
3. A Survey on Machine Learning Approaches used in Breast Cancer Detection [Internet]. ResearchGate; 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 1]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363740454_A_Survey_on_Machine_Learning_Approaches_used_in_Breast_Cancer_Detection

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Gastrointestinal cancer includes various types of cancers that affect the digestive tract, from the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum, to supporting organs such as the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts. Although its prevalence is increasing, this disease often develops silently and is usually detected only at an advanced stage, when treatment becomes more challenging.

Why is Gastrointestinal Cancer “Unexpected”?

• Non-specific early symptoms
  • Many patients dismiss complaints such as mild abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or a feeling of fullness after small meals—assuming them to be simple digestive disturbances.
• Hidden location and complex organs
  • The digestive tract and related organs are located deep within the body cavity, allowing small tumors to grow significantly before causing noticeable symptoms.
• Latent risk factors
  • Risk factors such as a high-fat, low-fiber diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, Helicobacter pylori infection, and family history increase susceptibility but are not always recognized as red flags.
• Lack of screening awareness
  • Many people wait until symptoms appear or underestimate the importance of preventive screening, even though timely screening plays a major role in early detection.

Symptoms to Watch Out For

Here’s a summary of gastrointestinal cancer symptoms that are often overlooked:

Early Detection Strategies: Steps Not to Be Missed

1. Regular screening according to age and risk factors
   1. Colonoscopy is recommended for individuals aged ≥ 50 years (or earlier if there are risk factors).
   2. For high-risk individuals (e.g., family history of colorectal cancer), screening should start earlier and be done more frequently.
   3. Endoscopy (EGD) for those with chronic stomach symptoms, reflux, or gastric bleeding.
2. Diagnostic & therapeutic endoscopy
   1. Endoscopy / EGD to directly examine the upper GI tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum)
   2. Colonoscopy to detect polyps or colon cancer
   3. Capsule endoscopy to examine the small intestine, which is difficult to reach
   4. ERCP to evaluate liver, pancreatic, and bile duct disorders
3. Imaging and additional tests
   1. CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, or other radiologic examinations of the digestive system
   2. Liver function tests, pancreatic enzymes, and tumor markers (if cancer is suspected)
4. Multidisciplinary approach to treatment
   1. The best management of gastrointestinal cancer involves collaboration across multiple specialties: gastroenterology, digestive surgery, interventional radiology, and oncology.

Figure 1. Pre-cancerous lesion findings on endoscopy

Benefits of Early Detection & Prognosis

• Higher treatment success rates
  • Early-stage cancers are more likely to be removed surgically or treated with minimally invasive therapy, with better remission outcomes.
• Lower treatment costs and fewer complications
  • Advanced stages often require combined therapies (major surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), which are more complex and expensive.
• Better quality of life
  • Early detection allows for lighter treatment, faster recovery, and a lower risk of recurrence.
• Prevention of severe complications
  • Conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding, bowel obstruction, or metastasis to other organs can be prevented or managed earlier.

Challenges & Barriers in Early Detection

• Lack of public awareness about gastrointestinal cancers
• Fear of endoscopy or colonoscopy procedures
• Costs and limited access to medical facilities
• Non-specific early symptoms
• Stigma or reluctance to seek medical help

Therefore, public education and accessible screening facilities are crucial.

Gastrointestinal Cancer Care at RS Abdi Waluyo

RS Abdi Waluyo provides comprehensive and specialized services for the diagnosis and management of digestive diseases and gastrointestinal cancers through the Rudolph Simadibrata Gastroentero-Hepatology & Endoscopy Center, supported by a multidisciplinary team of gastroenterologists, hepatologists, and digestive surgeons.

Available services include:

• Diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy (including polypectomy)
• Endoscopy (EGD) and capsule endoscopy
• ERCP (therapeutic and diagnostic for bile ducts/pancreas)
• Digestive tract imaging & MSCT colonography
• Digestive surgery (open or laparoscopic) through the Digestive Surgery team

If you or your family experience chronic digestive issues such as changes in bowel habits, unexplained abdominal pain, or blood in stools, do not ignore them. Regular digestive check-ups are essential, especially if you have risk factors for gastrointestinal cancer. Consult your concerns with the Gastroenterology & Digestive Surgery team at RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or make an online appointment today.

FAQ

1. What is gastrointestinal cancer?

Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignancies that affect the digestive tract, from the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, to supporting organs such as the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts. It often develops silently, leading to late diagnosis.

2. What are the early symptoms of gastrointestinal cancer?

Symptoms vary by location but may include:

• Unexplained abdominal pain
• Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea/constipation)
• Blood in stool or vomiting blood
• If these symptoms persist, seek medical evaluation promptly.

3. Who is at risk of gastrointestinal cancer?

Risk is higher in those with:

• Family history of digestive cancers
• High-fat, low-fiber diet
• Smoking or alcohol consumption
• Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
• Helicobacter pylori infection (for stomach cancer)
• Age over 50 years

4. What tests can detect gastrointestinal cancer early?

Recommended tests include:

• Endoscopy (EGD) for stomach and esophagus
• Colonoscopy for colon polyps or cancer
• Capsule endoscopy for the small intestine
• ERCP for pancreas and bile ducts
• Imaging (CT scan, MRI, ultrasound) for detailed evaluation

5. Can gastrointestinal cancer be prevented?

Not all cases can be prevented, but risk can be reduced by:

• Eating a high-fiber, low-fat diet
• Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol intake
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Exercising regularly
• Undergoing screening as recommended by doctors

Resource :

1. Menon G, El-Nakeep S, Babiker HM. Gastric Cancer. [Updated 2024 Oct 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459142/
2. Jardim, S. R., de Souza, L. M. P., & de Souza, H. S. P. (2023). The Rise of Gastrointestinal Cancers as a Global Phenomenon: Unhealthy Behavior or Progress?. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(4), 3640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043640
3. Martins, B. C., Moura, R. N., Kum, A. S. T., Matsubayashi, C. O., Marques, S. B., & Safatle-Ribeiro, A. V. (2023). Endoscopic Imaging for the Diagnosis of Neoplastic and Pre-Neoplastic Conditions of the Stomach. Cancers, 15(9), 2445

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Every year on September 29, the world observes World Heart Day, a vital opportunity to raise public awareness about the dangers of heart disease and the importance of early detection. Despite being one of the leading causes of death globally, heart disease often develops silently, without obvious symptoms. That is why routine heart screening is a crucial step in protecting your heart health, and that of your loved ones.

Heart Disease Often Strikes Without Warning

Many people are unaware they have heart problems until a heart attack or serious complication occurs. Conditions like hypertension, arrhythmia, and coronary artery disease can develop gradually and without symptoms. This is why regular screening is essential, even if you feel healthy.

Heart Examinations: From Basic to Advanced

Here are common heart screening tests available in most medical facilities:

• ECG (Electrocardiogram): Measures the heart’s electrical activity to detect abnormal rhythms.
• Treadmill Stress Test: Evaluates how your heart responds to physical activity.
• Echocardiography: Uses ultrasound waves to visualize the heart’s structure and real-time function.
• Cardiac CT Scan: Provides detailed images of the coronary arteries to detect blockages or plaque.
• Cardiac MRI: Offers in-depth visualization of the heart’s structure and function.
• Cardiac Nuclear Scan (MIBI): Assesses blood flow to the heart muscle and detects areas that are damaged or lack sufficient blood supply.

Figure 1. Diagnostic machines for heart examination

Screening Recommendations by Age Group

Here is a practical guide for age-appropriate heart screening:

One-Stop Heart Screening at RS Abdi Waluyo

No need to visit multiple hospitals, RS Abdi Waluyo offers complete heart screening in one location. Equipped with a full range of services including a cardiac lab, Cathlab, echocardiography, cardiac CT, and nuclear scan, we ensure accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment. Don’t wait for symptoms to appear. Early detection can save your life and your family’s. Consult our team of Cardiologists at RS Abdi Waluyo by calling 021-3144989 or book an appointment online today.

FAQ

1. What is heart screening and why is it important?

Heart screening is a series of tests used to detect risks or heart disease early, even before symptoms arise. This is crucial because many heart conditions progress silently and may lead to serious complications such as heart attacks or strokes.

2. At what age should I begin heart screening?

Pregnant women: Recommended to undergo fetal echocardiography.

Children: If there’s a risk of congenital heart disease.

Teenagers: ECG screening, especially if they are active in sports.

Ages 30–40: ECG, treadmill test, and echocardiography are advised, especially with risk factors.

Ages 50+: Additional tests like cardiac CT, MRI, or nuclear scan are recommended.

3. What tests are included in heart screening?

Common tests include:

• ECG (Electrocardiogram)
• Treadmill Stress Test
• Echocardiography
• Cardiac CT Scan
• Cardiac MRI
• Cardiac Nuclear Scan

4. Are heart screening tests painful or risky?

Most tests, like ECG, echo, and treadmill, are non-invasive, painless, and safe. More advanced tests like cardiac CT and MRI carry minimal risk when performed by trained professionals.

5. Where can I get a full set of heart screening tests?

At RS Abdi Waluyo, you can undergo all heart screenings and follow-up diagnostics in one place. We offer comprehensive facilities including Cathlab, echocardiography, cardiac CT/MRI, and nuclear scans, all under one roof.

Resource :

1. Malik MB, Goyal A. Cardiac Exam. [Updated 2023 Jan 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553078/
2. Ashley EA, Niebauer J. Cardiology Explained. London: Remedica; 2004. Chapter 2, Cardiovascular examination. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2213/

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Do you often feel nauseous, full quickly, or excessively bloated after eating?
It might not just be ordinary indigestion, beware of the possibility of Gastroparesis! This month marks Gastroparesis Awareness Month, a key moment to recognize the symptoms and understand the importance of early detection. Gastroparesis is a condition where the stomach fails to empty its contents properly, despite no mechanical blockage. As a result, food stays in the stomach too long, triggering various chronic gastrointestinal complaints.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Gastroparesis

Some common signs to watch out for:

• Frequent nausea and vomiting
• Feeling full quickly when eating
• Bloating and pain in the upper abdomen
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fluctuating blood sugar levels (especially in people with diabetes)

Faster and More Comfortable Diagnosis is Now Possible

Previously, diagnosing gastroparesis required invasive procedures such as endoscopy or gastric scintigraphy. Now, with Intestinal Ultrasound (IUS) technology, diagnosis can be done quickly, comfortably, and without invasive measures.

What Is Intestinal Ultrasound (IUS)?

IUS is a specialized ultrasound exam that visualizes stomach and bowel movement. The procedure is safe, radiation-free, and does not require anesthesia. Doctors can assess delayed gastric emptying, an indicator of gastroparesis.

Advantages of IUS:

• No needles or invasive instruments
• Radiation-free
• Can be done quickly in an outpatient clinic
• Ideal for children, the elderly, or those sensitive to invasive procedures

Intestinal Ultrasound (IUS) has also been recommended in the American Journal of Gastroenterology as a safe and effective method for evaluating gastric motility, particularly in diabetic patients and children. These advantages make IUS a preferred examination for the early detection of gastroparesis, without exposure to radiation or the need for invasive procedures.

Who is at Risk?

• People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
• Those with a history of stomach surgery
• Individuals on medications that slow gastric motility
• Patients with neurological or autoimmune disorders

Don’t Ignore These “Mild” Symptoms

Gastroparesis is often misdiagnosed due to its similarity with common digestive issues. However, delayed treatment can lead to serious complications like malnutrition or poor blood sugar control. If you or someone close to you has persistent gastrointestinal complaints, consult a doctor for proper evaluation.
Consult the Internal Medicine – Gastroenterology team at RS Abdi Waluyo by calling 021-3144989 or schedule your appointment online through the following link: https://wa.link/rsabdiwaluyo

FAQ

1. What is gastroparesis?
   Gastroparesis is a condition in which the stomach takes too long to empty its contents, despite no physical blockage. It leads to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, bloating, and early satiety.

2. What is the main cause of gastroparesis?
   The most common cause is vagus nerve damage due to diabetes. Other causes include nerve disorders, gastric surgery, certain medications, or autoimmune diseases.

3. How does Intestinal Ultrasound (IUS) help diagnose gastroparesis?
   IUS uses sound waves to observe the movement of the stomach and intestines. It helps doctors determine if gastric emptying is delayed, key for confirming gastroparesis, without invasive procedures.

4. Is IUS safe for all ages?
   Yes. IUS is very safe, radiation-free, and suitable for children, the elderly, and even pregnant women.

5. How is IUS different from endoscopy or gastric scintigraphy?
   IUS does not involve inserting instruments into the body, uses no radiation, and delivers immediate results. In contrast, endoscopy and scintigraphy are more invasive and require more preparation and time.

Resource :

1. Sullivan, A., Temperley, L., & Ruban, A. (2020). Pathophysiology, Aetiology and Treatment of Gastroparesis. Digestive diseases and sciences, 65(6), 1615–1631.
2. Liu, N., & Abell, T. (2017). Gastroparesis Updates on Pathogenesis and Management. Gut and liver, 11(5), 579–589.
3. Camilleri, M., Kuo, B., Nguyen, L., Vaughn, V. M., Petrey, J., Greer, K., Yadlapati, R., & Abell, T. L. (2022). ACG Clinical Guideline: Gastroparesis. The American journal of gastroenterology, 117(8), 1197–1220.

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What is a Worm Infection?

Worm infection, or helminthiasis, is a condition where the body is infected by parasites such as roundworms (Ascaris), hookworms (Ancylostoma), pinworms (Enterobius), or peworms (Taenia). Transmission typically occurs through contaminated soil, food, or water, as well as poor hygiene habits.

Common Symptoms to Watch Out For

Symptoms may vary depending on the type of worm, but general complaints include:

• Bloating and recurrent abdominal pain
• Weakness, fatigue, or pale appearance
• Loss of appetite or unexplained increase in hunger
• Weight loss
• Itching around the anus, especially at night (common in pinworm infections)
• Sleep disturbances and crankiness in children
• Chronic worm infections can lead to severe iron-deficiency anemia, especially when worms feed on blood in the intestines.

Who’s at Risk?

Everyone is at risk, but higher risk applies to:

• School-age children who play in the dirt
• Workers in frequent contact with soil or waste
• People with poor sanitation or unhygienic eating habits
• Residents of densely populated areas

Certain groups are at higher risk of worm infections, including:

• School-age children who often play in the soil without wearing shoes
• Individuals living in areas with poor sanitation or inadequate waste disposal systems
• Adults working in agriculture, livestock farming, or waste management sectors
• Consumers of raw or undercooked food of poor quality, such as undercooked meat and raw fish (e.g., sashimi or sushi), as these may contain worm larvae such as Anisakis or Diphyllobothrium latum, which can cause parasitic infections
• Travelers or workers in endemic areas with low hygiene standards
• Eating undercooked pork, beef, or fish is also proven to increase the risk of ingesting worm eggs or larvae.

Therefore, it is essential to ensure all food, especially animal protein—is cooked thoroughly before consumption.

Diagnosis and Testing

Diagnosis is typically made through a stool test to detect worm eggs or segments. In some cases, a complete blood count may show anemia or elevated eosinophils, indicating a parasitic infection.

Treatment for Worm Infection

Treatment usually involves antiparasitic medications like albendazole or mebendazole, prescribed by a doctor. These drugs work by paralyzing and killing the worms in the digestive tract. Repeat dosing may be necessary to eliminate eggs and prevent reinfection.

Prevention is Better Than Cure

Effective prevention steps include:

• Washing hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet
• Cooking meat and fish thoroughly
• Washing fruits and vegetables properly
• Wearing shoes outside
• Taking deworming medication every 6 months, especially for children and high-risk individuals

When to See a Doctor?

If you or your child experience any of the symptoms above, or if symptoms persist after self-treatment, consult a pediatrician or internal medicine specialist. Further testing can help identify the specific worm and the most appropriate therapy. Don’t let a worm infection reduce your quality of life. Consult with a pediatrics at RS Abdi Waluyo by calling 021-3144989 or schedule your appointment online through the following link: https://wa.link/rsabdiwaluyo

FAQ

1. What are the most common symptoms of a worm infection?
   – Bloating or abdominal pain
   – Persistent fatigue
   – Unexplained weight loss
   – Appetite changes|
   – Itching around the anus (especially at night for pinworms)
   – Anemia or pale complexion

2. Can adults get worm infections too?
   Yes. While more common in children, adults are also susceptible—especially those in poor sanitary environments or those who work directly with soil.

3. How is a worm infection diagnosed?
   Primarily through a stool analysis to detect eggs or worm segments. Blood tests may also show signs like high eosinophils.

4. How often should I take deworming medication?
   Every 6 months is recommended, especially for children and high-risk adults, under medical guidance.
5. Are worm infections dangerous?
   Yes, if untreated, they can cause nutrient deficiencies, anemia, and growth issues in children. Severe cases may lead to serious digestive complications.

Referensi :

1. Alshami I, Wadhwa R. Helminthiasis. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560525/
2. Wakelin D. Helminths: Pathogenesis and Defenses. In: Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Chapter 87. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8191/

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Forgetfulness is normal, especially as we age. However, if your elderly parent is frequently forgetting important things, struggling to communicate, or getting confused about time and place, these could be early signs of dementia. Early detection and proper management can help slow the progression of symptoms and maintain quality of life.

What is Dementia?

Dementia is a syndrome marked by a decline in brain function, including memory, thinking ability, orientation, understanding, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgment. The most common cause is Alzheimer’s disease, but it can also result from stroke, infections, or metabolic disorders.

Common Symptoms of Dementia

• Forgetting recent events
• Trouble finding the right words when speaking
• Difficulty recognizing close relatives
• Disorientation in time and place
• Mood and personality changes
• Struggling with daily activities

Who is at Risk?

The risk of dementia increases with:

• Age over 65
• Family history of dementia
• Hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol
• Smoking and physical inactivity
• Repeated head trauma

Diagnostic Steps: Why Early Detection Matters

Diagnosis involves a medical interview, physical exam, and cognitive testing. Additional tests like CT scans or MRIs can help assess structural brain changes. Early detection allows for timely intervention and long-term care planning.

Brain MRI is especially recommended for individuals over the age of 60 who begin to show early signs such as short-term memory loss, disorientation in time or place, or noticeable behavioral changes. MRI helps detect structural brain changes such as hippocampal volume shrinkage, an early indicator of Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia. CT scans are generally less sensitive to these early changes, making MRI the preferred initial imaging modality.

Can Dementia be Cured?

There is currently no cure for dementia, but treatments and therapies can help slow its progression and manage symptoms. These may include:

• Specific medications
• Occupational and physical therapy
• Cognitive therapy
• Counseling and family support

Although there is currently no cure for dementia, several non-pharmacological preventive strategies have proven effective in delaying its onset and progression. These strategies include regular physical exercise, maintaining social connections, staying intellectually active (such as reading, doing puzzles, or learning new things), and ensuring sufficient and quality sleep.

From a nutritional standpoint, the Mediterranean diet, rich in leafy greens, fruits, fish, whole grains, and olive oil, has been shown to benefit brain health. Supplements such as vitamin B12, folic acid, and omega-3 fatty acids are also believed to support cognitive function.

The Role of Family and Environment

Family support is crucial in helping dementia patients live more comfortably. A safe environment, consistent routines, and patient, empathetic communication make a big difference.

Don’t Hesitate to Seek Help

For early dementia evaluation, you can consult a neurologist experienced in cognitive function assessments. Additionally, an internal medicine specialist with a geriatrics subspecialty can provide a holistic approach, especially for elderly patients with comorbidities. If there are noticeable behavioral or mood changes, a psychiatrist can also be involved in the management.

If your parent or loved one begins showing signs of dementia, consult a neurologist or psychiatrist immediately. Early evaluation can help slow brain decline and improve quality of life. Don’t ignore changes in memory or behavior. Consult the Neurologist at RS Abdi Waluyo by calling 021-3144989 or schedule your appointment online through the following link: https://wa.link/rsabdiwaluyo

Early detection can make a significant difference in their future.

FAQ

1. What’s the difference between normal forgetfulness and dementia?
   Normal forgetfulness is usually temporary, like forgetting where you placed your keys but remembering later. Dementia involves frequent, severe memory loss, disorientation, and difficulty performing daily tasks.

2. At what age does dementia typically appear?
   Dementia commonly begins after age 65, but early-onset dementia can occur earlier, especially with a family history.

3. Can dementia be prevented?
   Not all types of dementia can be prevented, but a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a nutritious diet, and managing blood pressure and blood sugar, can lower the risk.

4. Which doctor should I see if I suspect dementia?
   A neurologist is the primary specialist for diagnosing and managing dementia. A psychiatrist may also be involved, especially if behavioral or mood changes are present.

5. Can dementia be treated?
   While it cannot be cured, medications and therapies can slow its progression and improve quality of life.

References :

1. Emmady PD, Schoo C, Tadi P. Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia) [Updated 2022 Nov 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557444/
2. Hafiz, R., Alajlani, L., Ali, A., Algarni, G. A., Aljurfi, H., Alammar, O. A. M., Ashqan, M. Y., & Alkhashan, A. (2023). The Latest Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia. Cureus, 15(12), e50522. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50522
   
3. Arvanitakis, Z., Shah, R. C., & Bennett, D. A. (2019). Diagnosis and Management of Dementia: Review. JAMA, 322(16), 1589–1599. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.4782

The post Parents Becoming More Forgetful? These are the Signs of Dementia and What to Do appeared first on Abdi Waluyo Hospital.

Intermittent Fasting (IF) has been gaining popularity recently, not only among health practitioners but also global celebrities. Names like Hugh Jackman, Jennifer Aniston, and Kourtney Kardashian are known to follow this eating pattern to maintain their fitness and ideal weight. But is this eating method suitable for everyone? Let’s explore the secrets behind IF and who should approach it with caution.

What Is Intermittent Fasting?

Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern that focuses on when you eat, not what you eat. It involves scheduled periods of fasting and eating within a set time window each day.

Popular IF methods include:

• 16:8 – Fast for 16 hours and eat during an 8-hour window (e.g., 12 PM to 8 PM).
• 5:2 – Eat normally for 5 days a week and limit intake to 500–600 calories on the other 2 days.
• Eat-Stop-Eat – Do a full 24-hour fast once or twice a week.

Benefits of Intermittent Fasting

Studies have shown that IF may provide numerous health benefits, such as:

• Reducing body weight and fat
• Lowering blood sugar and insulin levels
• Improving insulin sensitivity
• Reducing the risk of heart disease
• Supporting brain function and cell regeneration
• Unlike strict calorie-counting diets, IF is generally easier to follow.

Is Intermittent Fasting Safe for Everyone?

While IF is safe for many healthy adults, it’s not recommended for:

• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Children and teenagers
• Individuals with a history of eating disorders
• People with diabetes or certain medical conditions (without doctor supervision)
• Always consult your doctor before starting IF if you have any underlying health issues.

Tips to Start Intermittent Fasting

• Start gradually, e.g., with the 12:12 method (12 hours fasting, 12 hours eating)
• Maintain a balanced, nutritious diet during eating windows
• Stay hydrated throughout the fasting period
• Avoid overeating high-calorie foods post-fast

Thinking of trying intermittent fasting but unsure where to begin?

While generally safe for most people, intermittent fasting is not recommended for everyone. Individuals with medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus requiring insulin therapy, eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and those with chronic gastritis or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) should consult a doctor before starting this eating pattern. This is crucial to prevent unwanted side effects or complications from existing conditions.

Our Clinical Nutrition Specialists at RS Abdi Waluyo are ready to help you plan an eating pattern tailored to your body and health goals.

Please contact us at 021-3144989 or schedule your appointment online through the following link: https://wa.link/rsabdiwaluyo

FAQ

1. What is intermittent fasting?
   Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that schedules periods for eating and fasting, commonly using the 16:8 method (fast for 16 hours, eat within 8 hours).

2. What are the main benefits of IF?
   IF can aid weight loss, regulate blood sugar, boost metabolism, and lower the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes.

3. How long before I see results?
   With consistency and a healthy lifestyle, results can appear within 2–4 weeks.

4. What are the most popular IF methods?
   – 16:8 – Fast for 16 hours, eat for 8 hours
   – 5:2 – Normal eating for 5 days, reduced calories for 2 days
   – Eat-Stop-Eat – 24-hour fast once or twice a week

5. Can I drink during fasting?
   Yes. You may drink plain water, unsweetened tea, or black coffee without sugar or milk.

References :

1. Shalabi, H., Hassan, A. S., 4th, Al-Zahrani, F. A., et al (2023). Intermittent Fasting: Benefits, Side Effects, Quality of Life, and Knowledge of the Saudi Population. Cureus, 15(2)
2. Song, D. K., & Kim, Y. W. (2023). Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: a narrative review. Journal of Yeungnam medical science, 40(1), 4–11.
3. Sun, M. L., Yao, W., Wang, X. Y., et al. (2024). Intermittent fasting and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine, 70.

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Acne scars can often be a lingering skin issue that affects confidence. Even after the acne has healed, the marks left behind may remain for years. But don’t worry, by understanding the types of acne scars and getting the right treatment, you can work toward smoother, clearer skin.

What Are Acne Scars?

Acne scars are changes in the skin caused by inflammation from acne that damages skin tissue. They differ from post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, as acne scars often cause depressions or uneven skin texture.

Types of Acne Scars

Understanding the type of scar you have is crucial for choosing the right treatment:

• Ice Pick Scars: Deep, narrow, pitted scars—usually the most difficult to treat.
• Boxcar Scars: Round or oval depressions with sharp edges that appear shallow.
• Rolling Scars: Wavy depressions that create an uneven skin surface.
• Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars: Raised scars from excessive collagen production during healing.

Figure 1. Types of Acne Scars

How to Treat Acne Scars

Treatment depends on the scar type and severity:

• Microneedling: Stimulates collagen regeneration to smooth out scars.
• Chemical Peeling: Exfoliates dead skin and encourages new skin growth.
• Fractional CO2 Laser: Effective for ice pick and boxcar scars.
• Subcision: Releases tethered scar tissue beneath the skin.
• Dermal Fillers: Temporarily fill in depressed scars.
• Dermatologist Consultation: Essential for accurate diagnosis and choosing the best treatment.

Can Acne Scars Disappear Completely?

With consistent and proper treatment, most acne scars can significantly improve. However, results vary depending on skin type and treatment method.

Don’t let acne scars lower your confidence. Consult a dermatologist to find the most suitable therapy for your skin. Don’t hesitate to reach out to the Dermatology Department at RS Abdi Waluyo by calling 021-3144989 or schedule your appointment online through the following link: https://wa.link/rsabdiwaluyo

FAQ

1. What’s the difference between acne scars and dark spots?
   Acne scars affect skin texture, while dark spots (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) only change skin color without texture alteration.

2. Can all acne scars disappear completely?
   Not all scars will vanish entirely, but many can fade significantly with proper treatments like lasers, microneedling, or chemical peels.

3. What is the fastest treatment for acne scars?
   CO2 fractional laser and microneedling with PRP are among the most effective for quickly improving skin texture, though results vary by scar type.

4. Can face creams remove acne scars?
   Topical creams may help lighten discoloration or prevent deeper scars, but are less effective for established textural scars like ice pick or rolling scars.

5. When is the best time to treat acne scars?
   The ideal time is after active acne is under control and no inflammation is present. If acne persists, treat that first before addressing scars.

Resource

1. Bay Clinic. Acne scars removal Singapore [Internet]. Singapore: Bay Clinic; c2025 [cited 2025 Aug 11]. Available from: https://www.bayclinic.sg/concern/acne-scars-removal-singapore/
2. Connolly, D., Vu, H. L., Mariwalla, K., & Saedi, N. (2017). Acne Scarring-Pathogenesis, Evaluation, and Treatment Options. The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 10(9), 12–23.
3. Fabbrocini, G., Annunziata, M. C., D’Arco, V., De Vita, V., Lodi, G., Mauriello, M. C., Pastore, F., & Monfrecola, G. (2010). Acne scars: pathogenesis, classification and treatment. Dermatology research and practice, 2010, 893080.
4.  Jfri, A., Alajmi, A., Alazemi, M., & Ladha, M. A. (2022). Acne Scars: An Update on Management. Skin therapy letter, 27(6), 6–9.

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What Is Workplace Burnout?

Workplace burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged work-related stress. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified burnout as a syndrome specifically linked to work stress, not just a typical mental health issue.

The signs are often subtle but can lead to serious consequences, including reduced job performance, lack of motivation, irritability, and even physical or mental health issues.

Warning Signs of Burnout

Burnout develops gradually and may manifest through symptoms such as:

• Constant fatigue, even with enough sleep
• Loss of motivation or interest in work
• Mood swings, irritability, or sadness
• Difficulty focusing or making decisions
• Feeling unappreciated or cynical about work
• Sleep disturbances, headaches, or other physical complaints

If you consistently experience two or more of these symptoms, you might be experiencing burnout.

Common Causes of Workplace Burnout

Burnout is often triggered by:

• Excessive workload
• Irregular working hours
• Lack of support from supervisors or colleagues
• Toxic work environment
• Insufficient rest and recovery time

Unmanaged pressure can accumulate and negatively affect both your physical and psychological well-being.

What Happens If Burnout Is Left Untreated?

Burnout isn’t just fatigue. If ignored, it can lead to:

• Anxiety or depression
• Weakened immune system
• Increased risk of chronic illnesses like hypertension
• Strained personal relationships
• Higher risk of workplace errors

That’s why recognizing the signs and taking early action is crucial.

How to Manage and Prevent Burnout

Here are practical steps to help you cope:

• Know your limits and learn to say “no”
• Take regular breaks throughout the workday
• Discuss your workload openly with your supervisor
• Engage in relaxing activities like exercise, meditation, or hobbies
• Seek professional counseling if burnout disrupts daily functioning

If burnout symptoms do not improve despite efforts such as resting, managing workload, or applying self-coping mechanisms, it is important to seek professional help. You can first consult a clinical psychologist if you experience emotional exhaustion, prolonged stress, difficulty focusing, or loss of motivation but are still able to carry out daily activities.

However, if the symptoms are accompanied by severe sleep disturbances, significant decline in work performance, or signs of depression such as hopelessness or thoughts of self-harm, it is advisable to immediately consult a psychiatrist. A psychiatrist can conduct a thorough evaluation and, if necessary, provide medical treatment such as pharmacotherapy. Burnout is not a sign of weakness, it’s your body and mind asking for care.

If you’re feeling overwhelmed and don’t know where to start, don’t wait until it affects your health. Speak with a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist at RS Abdi Waluyo.
Please contact us at 021-3144989 or schedule your appointment online through the following link: https://wa.link/rsabdiwaluyo

FAQ

1. What’s the difference between burnout and normal stress?
   Burnout is a chronic condition caused by long-term work-related stress, often marked by emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and decreased motivation. Ordinary stress is usually short-term and resolves with rest or brief relaxation.

2. Can burnout be cured?
   Yes, if detected early and managed properly. Recovery steps may include taking a break, lifestyle changes, and psychological counseling.

3. Who is most at risk of burnout?
   Anyone can experience burnout, but it’s more common among
   – Long-hour workers
   – Healthcare providers, teachers, and customer service workers
   – Employees with high workloads or toxic workplaces
   – Perfectionists

4. Should I see a psychiatrist for burnout?
   If symptoms affect your daily life, such as trouble sleeping, persistent sadness, or signs of anxiety or depression, consulting a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist is recommended.

5. How can I prevent burnout?
   Simple ways to prevent burnout include:
   – Maintaining a balanced work schedule
   – Making time for hobbies or relaxation
   – Exercising and getting enough sleep
   – Building healthy communication at work
   – Asking for help when needed

Resource :

1. Edú-Valsania, S., Laguía, A., & Moriano, J. A. (2022). Burnout: A Review of Theory and Measurement. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(3), 1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031780
2. Khammissa, R. A. G., Nemutandani, S., Feller, G., Lemmer, J., & Feller, L. (2022). Burnout phenomenon: neurophysiological factors, clinical features, and aspects of management. The Journal of international medical research, 50(9), 3000605221106428. https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605221106428
3. InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Depression: Learn More – What is burnout? [Updated 2024 Apr 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279286/

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Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (MICS) is a breakthrough in modern cardiac surgery. This technique allows patients to undergo heart procedures with smaller incisions, lower risk, and significantly faster recovery compared to conventional open-heart surgery.

What is Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery?

MICS is a heart surgery technique performed through a small incision (typically 3–5 cm) between the ribs, without cutting through the breastbone. With the help of advanced cameras and specialized instruments, doctors can precisely correct heart abnormalities with minimal trauma to the body.

Advantages of MICS Compared to Traditional Heart Surgery

• Small incisions: Less visible and more aesthetic scars.
• Lower infection risk: No need to cut through the sternum.
• Faster recovery time: Patients can return to normal activities sooner.
• Shorter hospital stay: Usually only 3–5 days post-surgery.
• Less pain: Reduced need for pain medications.

Who is Eligible for MICS?

Not all heart conditions are suitable for MICS. However, the following conditions are commonly treated using this method:

• Heart valve diseases (e.g., mitral valve repair or replacement)
• Atrial septal defect (ASD)
• Benign heart tumors (e.g., myxoma)
• Certain types of coronary artery bypass (minimally invasive CABG)

A thorough evaluation by a cardiologist and cardiothoracic surgeon is essential to determine patient eligibility.

A Safe, Closely Monitored Procedure

MICS is performed in a specialized operating room equipped with advanced technology. Patients are under the close care of a multidisciplinary team, cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologists, surgical nurses, and ICU staff, ensuring maximum safety throughout the procedure. Not all heart conditions require major surgery. With medical advancements, safer and more comfortable options are now available. Don’t ignore symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue.

Before undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS), patients must go through a comprehensive series of evaluations to ensure that MICS is the most appropriate option. At RS Abdi Waluyo, all of these steps can be performed in one place efficiently and in an integrated manner, so patients do not need to be referred to other facilities.

Key preoperative assessments include:

• Cardiac MSCT (Multislice CT Scan): This provides a detailed image of the coronary artery anatomy and the degree of blockage. It is crucial for determining whether the issue can be managed via catheterization or if surgery is necessary.
• Nuclear Scanning (Myocardial Scintigraphy): Used to evaluate how well the heart muscle is functioning and to identify areas with reduced blood supply. This helps the medical team weigh the risks and benefits of surgery compared to other treatment approaches.
• Pulmonary Function Test: Conducted to ensure that the patient’s lung capacity is sufficient for undergoing general anesthesia and the postoperative recovery process.

The cardiovascular specialist team at RS Abdi Waluyo also adopts a careful and holistic approach before deciding on surgery. Typically, catheterization will be attempted first as a more conservative method. If that is not feasible, the team will then recommend surgical procedures such as CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft), including using the MICS technique if the patient meets the criteria.

This entire process highlights the importance of thorough preoperative preparation to ensure diagnostic accuracy and effective treatment planning—and all of it can be completed seamlessly at RS Abdi Waluyo, as a one-stop cardiac care center.

The Importance of Screening and Preparation Before MICS

The success of MICS heavily depends on thorough preoperative screening and preparation. RS Abdi Waluyo provides complete facilities to support this procedure, including the latest angiography Cathlab, MSCT, nuclear scanning, pulmonary function testing, and access to a full team of medical specialists for optimal safety and recovery. This comprehensive approach ensures patients receive integrated care and faster recovery.

It’s important to note that dr. M. Alfa Ferry Santoso, MD, FRCS, FCS, Sp.BTKV, FIHA was the first doctor to perform Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (MICS) in Indonesia and is now part of the Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery team at RS Abdi Waluyo. His experience ensures that patients are in capable and trusted hands.

Consult your condition with the Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery team at RS Abdi Waluyo.
Please contact us at 021-3144989 or schedule your appointment online through the following link: https://wa.link/rsabdiwaluyo

FAQ

1. What’s the difference between MICS and conventional open-heart surgery?
   MICS is performed through a small 3–5 cm incision without fully opening the breastbone, unlike open-heart surgery that requires splitting the sternum. MICS results in less pain, a shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery.

2. Can all heart patients undergo MICS?
   Not all cases qualify for MICS. Patients must undergo evaluations such as angiography, MSCT, or pulmonary function tests to determine if they’re suitable candidates.

3. Is MICS safer than regular heart surgery?
   When performed on the right patients by an experienced surgical team, MICS has shown high success rates with lower complication risks. Proper preparation and close monitoring are essential.

4. How long is the recovery after MICS?
   Most patients can resume light activities within 1–2 weeks. Full recovery typically takes around 4–6 weeks, much faster than with conventional open-heart surgery.

Resource :

1.  Dieberg, G., Smart, N. A., & King, N. (2016). Minimally invasive cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of cardiology, 223, 554–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.227
2. Salenger, R., Lobdell, K., & Grant, M. C. (2024). Update on minimally invasive cardiac surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery. Current opinion in anaesthesiology, 37(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000001322
3. Langer, N. B., & Argenziano, M. (2016). Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery: Incisions and Approaches. Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal, 12(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.14797/mdcj-12-1-4

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Waking up and noticing a white coating on your tongue might leave you wondering, “Is this a fungal infection? Or a sign of something serious?” A white tongue can be caused by various factors, ranging from something minor like dehydration to a fungal infection such as oral thrush. Let’s take a closer look at the causes, treatments, and when you should see a doctor.

What Causes a White Tongue?

The surface of the tongue is naturally covered with small projections called papillae. When dead cells, food debris, and bacteria get trapped between them, the tongue may appear white. Common causes include:

• Poor oral hygiene
• Dehydration or dry mouth
• Smoking
• Fever or viral infections
• Fungal infection (oral candidiasis)

In fungal infections, the white patches usually appear as a thick coating that can spread to the inner cheeks or roof of the mouth, sometimes causing pain or burning during meals.

Is It Dangerous?

In most cases, a white tongue is harmless and will clear up with improved oral hygiene. However, see a doctor if you experience:

• Persistent discomfort
• Pain or sores on the tongue
• No improvement after 1 week

Difficulty eating or swallowing

How to Treat and Prevent It

• Brush your tongue daily with a toothbrush or tongue scraper
• Stay hydrated
• Avoid smoking and alcohol
• Maintain overall oral hygiene

If a fungal infection is suspected, your doctor may prescribe topical or oral antifungal medication

While a white tongue may simply be a minor issue, it can also be an early sign of a more serious condition.

Don’t Ignore Oral Health

Changes in the tongue can be early indicators of underlying health problems. If your white tongue doesn’t improve, consult a doctor. Book an appointment with a specialist at Abdi Waluyo Hospital by calling 021-3144989 or booking online today. Early evaluation helps prevent unwanted complications.

FAQ

1. Is a white tongue always caused by a fungal infection?
   Not always. A white tongue may result from the buildup of dead cells, food debris, and bacteria due to poor oral hygiene. However, if caused by fungus (such as candidiasis), it’s usually accompanied by a thick white coating, pain, and burning when eating.

2. When should I see a doctor for a white tongue?
   If the white coating on the tongue doesn’t go away, feels painful, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as bad breath or sores, it is advisable to consult a dentist first. The dentist can assess whether the condition is related to oral hygiene, a fungal infection, or other issues in the oral cavity. If necessary, the dentist will refer you to another specialist for further treatment.

3. Can a white tongue be prevented?
   Yes. Effective prevention includes:
   – Regular tongue cleaning
   – Staying hydrated
   – Maintaining oral hygiene
   – Avoiding tobacco and alcohol

4. Is a white tongue contagious?
   If caused by a fungal infection like candidiasis, there is some risk of transmission, especially in individuals with weakened immunity. However, white tongue caused by poor oral hygiene is generally not contagious.

5. Can children have white tongue too?
   Yes. Infants and children can develop oral thrush, especially when taking antibiotics or if their immune system is still developing. Consult a pediatrician or ENT specialist if it occurs.

Resource:

1. Seerangaiyan, K., Jüch, F., & Winkel, E. G. (2018). Tongue coating: its characteristics and role in intra-oral halitosis and general health-a review. Journal of breath research, 12(3), 034001.
2. Taylor M, Brizuela M, Raja A. Oral Candidiasis. [Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan

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Ever heard of the term “silent killer”? One example is chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by type 2 diabetes. Without obvious symptoms at the beginning, high blood sugar levels can gradually damage your kidneys. Unfortunately, many people only become aware of it when the damage is already severe.

The Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Kidney Failure

Type 2 diabetes doesn’t just affect blood sugar, it also impacts small blood vessels throughout the body, including the kidneys. Constantly high blood sugar can damage nephrons (the kidney’s filtering units), cause protein leakage into the urine (proteinuria), and gradually decrease kidney function. In general, a normal fasting blood sugar level ranges between 70–99 mg/dL, and blood sugar levels two hours after eating should be below 140 mg/dL. If fasting blood sugar is ≥ 126 mg/dL, or if a random blood sugar test shows ≥ 200 mg/dL accompanied by classic symptoms of diabetes, the condition can be classified as diabetes mellitus.

Early Symptoms Often Overlooked

Early-stage CKD often shows no symptoms. However, be alert if you experience:

• Swelling in the feet or ankles
• Fatigue
• Foamy urine or reduced urine output
• Uncontrolled high blood pressure
• Loss of appetite and nausea

If you have diabetes and begin experiencing these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.

Who is at Risk?

People with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of kidney damage, especially if they have:

• Poorly controlled blood sugar
• High blood pressure
• Family history of kidney disease
• Active smoking habits
• Are over 40 years old

Essential Tests to Monitor Kidney Health

Early detection is key. Important tests include:

• Urine test: To detect protein (albuminuria)
• Blood test (eGFR and creatinine): To assess how well the kidneys filter waste
• Kidney ultrasound: To observe kidney structure
• Regular monitoring of blood pressure and HbA1c

To diagnose diabetes, doctors may perform several types of blood tests, such as:

• Fasting Blood Glucose Test (FBG)
• Random Blood Glucose Test
• HbA1c Test (Glycated Hemoglobin), which reflects average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months.

How to Prevent Kidney Damage

You can keep your kidneys healthy even with diabetes by:

• Maintaining tight blood sugar control
• Keeping blood pressure in a healthy range
• Eating a low-salt, low-sugar diet
• Quitting smoking
• Drinking enough water
• Exercising regularly

Don’t Wait Until It’s Too Late

Kidney damage caused by diabetes can progress silently over many years. Don’t wait until your kidney function has drastically declined. If you or a family member has diabetes, get routine kidney checkups at least once a year. Consult your health condition by contacting the Internal Medicine team at RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or book an online appointment today.

FAQ

1. Will everyone with diabetes eventually have kidney damage?
   No, but the risk increases if blood sugar and blood pressure are poorly controlled over many years.

2. What is the first sign of diabetes-related kidney damage?
   One of the earliest detectable signs is protein in the urine (albuminuria), even without any obvious physical symptoms.

3. How often should people with diabetes get their kidney function checked?
   At least once a year, especially if you’ve had diabetes for more than five years or have additional risk factors.

4. Can diabetes-related kidney damage be cured?
   Kidney damage is typically irreversible, but with proper management, its progression can be slowed or prevented.

5. What is eGFR and why is it important?
   eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) indicates how well your kidneys filter waste. It’s crucial for assessing the extent of kidney damage.

Resource :

1. de Boer IH, Khunti K, Sadusky T, et al. Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes Care. 2022 Dec 1;45(12)
2. Watanabe M, Boye KS, Leitner BN, Nilsson PM. Weight loss and improvement of obesity-related illness in 2849 patients treated with sibutramine in daily practice: the Sibutramine Cardiovascular Outcomes (SCOUT) trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2016;8:10.
3. Triozzi JL, Parker Gregg L, Virani SS, et al. Management of type 2 diabetes in chronic kidney disease. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021 Jul;9(1)

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Difficulty getting pregnant is not the end of the road. Thanks to advancements in reproductive technology, couples facing fertility issues now have great hope through IVF (In Vitro Fertilization).

What Is IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)?

IVF is a medical procedure in which an egg and sperm are combined outside the body, specifically in a laboratory. After fertilization occurs, the resulting embryo is implanted back into the woman’s uterus. This procedure has helped millions of couples around the world have children.

When Should You Consider IVF?

IVF is generally considered after a couple has tried to conceive naturally for at least one year without success (or 6 months if the woman is over 35). Before jumping to IVF, it’s important to undergo a full fertility diagnostic workup to identify the underlying cause of infertility. IVF may be recommended if:

• Ovulation disorders or poor egg quality are diagnosed
• There is a blockage or damage in the fallopian tubes
• Endometriosis is present
• The male partner has azoospermia (no sperm production) or an ejaculatory disorder that prevents sperm from reaching the egg naturall
  Maternal age is above 35
• Previous insemination attempts have failed
• The infertility is unexplained after full evaluation

IVF Process: Step-by-Step

1. Ovarian Stimulation – Hormonal medication is given to stimulate multiple egg production in one cycle.
2. Egg Retrieval (Ovum Pick-Up) – A minimally invasive procedure using ultrasound guidance.
3. Laboratory Fertilization – Eggs and sperm are combined for fertilization.
4. Embryo Culture – The developing embryos are observed for a few days.
5. Embryo Transfer – The best embryo is transferred into the uterus.
6. Pregnancy Test – Done about 10–14 days after embryo transfer.

IVF Success Rates: What to Expect

Success rates vary depending on age, embryo quality, and other medical conditions. Generally:

• Women under 35: 40–50% success rate
• Age 35–37: around 30–40%
• Over 40: less than 20%

It is important to understand that IVF is not a guaranteed solution. While it offers hope, couples should avoid having overly high expectations. The success of IVF depends on multiple factors including age, hormonal profile, sperm and egg quality, and underlying medical conditions. It may take more than one cycle to achieve pregnancy, and emotional preparedness is just as important as physical readiness.

Side Effects & Risks

While generally safe, IVF may carry some risks, such as:

• Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)
• Multiple pregnancy
• Miscarriage
• Emotional stress and high cost

IVF at RS Abdi Waluyo

Supported by experienced fertility specialists and advanced laboratory technology, we are ready to assist you through every stage of the IVF journey with a personal and compassionate approach. Consult your pregnancy plans by contacting the Obstetrics & Gynecology team at RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or book an appointment online now.

FAQ

• What is an IVF program?
  IVF is a procedure that helps couples conceive by fertilizing an egg outside the body and transferring the embryo into the uterus.

• Who should consider IVF?
  Couples with fertility issues such as ovulation problems, blocked tubes, endometriosis, poor sperm quality, or maternal age >35.

• How long does the IVF process take?
  Usually around 4–6 weeks from hormone stimulation to embryo transfer and pregnancy testing.

• Is IVF painful?
  It is typically done under mild anesthesia and does not cause significant pain. Side effects are usually mild, like bloating or discomfort.

• Are IVF success rates high?
  It depends on age and medical factors, but the average success rate is 30–50% for women under 35.

Resource :

1. Windfuhr JP, Toepfner N, Steffen G, Waldfahrer F, Berner R. Clinical practice guideline: tonsillitis I. Diagnostics and nonsurgical management. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Feb;277(2):505–17. doi:10.1007/s00405-020-05938-7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32965937/
2. Shaikh N, Swaminathan M, Tessler-Sherman B, Hoberman A. Association of antibiotic treatment with outcomes in children with acute sinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2022 Jan 18;327(3):224–33. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23287. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8722744/
3. Burton MJ, Glasziou PP. Tonsillitis. BMJ Clin Evid. 2014 Jul 22;2014:1505. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6140213/

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Have you ever woken up and found your finger difficult to move or even “locked” in a bent position? If so, you might be experiencing a condition called Trigger Finger, medically known as stenosing tenosynovitis. Though it may seem minor, this condition can significantly interfere with daily activities if left untreated.

What is Trigger Finger?

Trigger finger occurs when one of the fingers becomes stiff or stuck when moved. In some cases, the finger can lock in a bent position and may only straighten with help from the other hand or produce a “click” sound. This is caused by inflammation in the flexor tendon, making it difficult for the tendon to glide smoothly through its sheath (pulley).

Symptoms to Watch For:

• Finger stiffness, especially in the morning
• Pain when bending or straightening the finger
• Finger locking in a specific position
• Clicking or snapping sensation when moving the finger
• Swelling or a small lump at the base of the finger on the palm

Who’s at Risk?

Trigger finger can affect anyone, but it’s more common in:

• People with repetitive hand activities (e.g., typing, sewing, gripping tools)
• Those with diabetes mellitus
• Patients with rheumatoid arthritis
• Women over the age of 40

Diagnosis

Doctors typically diagnose trigger finger through a physical exam and medical history. In some cases, ultrasound may be used for a clearer view of the tendon.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on severity. Options include:

• Rest & Cold Compresses – Reducing hand activity and applying ice
• NSAIDs – To relieve pain and swelling
• Corticosteroid Injections – Often effective in reducing inflammation
• Physical Therapy & Splinting – To keep the finger straight during sleep
• Surgery – Considered if conservative treatments fail; involves releasing the tendon sheath

Prevention

• Avoid excessive repetitive hand movements
• Use ergonomic tools
• Maintain stable blood sugar levels if diabetic
• See a doctor early if symptoms arise

Locked fingers may signal tendon issues. Early treatment improves prognosis significantly. If non-surgical treatments such as pain relievers, finger splinting, or steroid injections do not provide improvement, surgical intervention may be necessary. This procedure is known as trigger finger release surgery, which involves cutting the narrowed tendon sheath to restore normal tendon movement.

In certain cases, especially when accompanied by other nerve-related symptoms such as persistent tingling or muscle weakness, a consultation with a neurologist may be required to evaluate the possibility of an underlying nerve disorder.

Experiencing stiff, painful fingers in the morning? Don’t wait for it to worsen. Book a consultation with a hand surgeon or orthopedic specialist today. Contact RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or make an appointment online now.

FAQ

1. What is Trigger Finger?

Trigger finger is a condition where a finger becomes stiff, painful, or locked in a bent position due to inflammation in the flexor tendon of the hand.

2. What causes trigger finger?

Mainly repetitive finger use, which leads to tendon irritation and swelling. Risk factors include diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and occupations requiring intense hand use.

3. Can trigger finger heal without surgery?

Yes. Many mild to moderate cases improve with rest, pain relief, physical therapy, or corticosteroid injections. Surgery is only recommended if conservative therapy fails.

4. Is trigger finger dangerous?

Not life-threatening, but it can severely impact daily function and quality of life. Left untreated, the condition may worsen and cause permanent locking.

5. When should I see a doctor?

If you often experience finger pain, stiffness, or trouble straightening your finger (especially in the morning), consult an orthopedic or hand specialist promptly for further evaluation.

Resource :

1. Jeanmonod R, Tiwari V, Waseem M. Trigger Finger. [Updated 2024 Feb 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan
2. Donati D, Ricci V, Boccolari P, et al. From diagnosis to rehabilitation of trigger finger: a narrative review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024 Dec 23;25(1)
3. Matthews A, Smith K, Read L, et al. Trigger finger: An overview of the treatment options. JAAPA. 2019 Jan;32(1):17-21

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Jakarta now has the first specialized treatment center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Indonesia. Located at Abdi Waluyo Hospital, the center focuses on chronic autoimmune conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. If left untreated or improperly managed, these conditions can lead to serious complications, including intestinal inflammation, blood clots, and even death.

The IBD Center adopts a multidisciplinary approach and utilizes advanced diagnostic technology to manage complex cases that have previously been difficult to treat comprehensively within the country.

The IBD Center brings together a diverse range of specialties, including gastroenterology, digestive surgery, clinical nutrition, psychology, and hepatology. Routine diagnostic procedures include stool analysis, endoscopy, CT scans, and MRI, followed by treatment through medication, biologic therapy, or surgery.

JAKARTA – Jakarta is now had the first specialized treatment center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Indonesia. Located at Abdi Waluyo Hospital, this center focuses on chronic autoimmune conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, which, if not properly managed, may lead to severe complications including intestinal swelling, blood clots, and even death. The IBD Center adopts a multidisciplinary approach and advanced diagnostic technology to address complex cases that have been difficult to manage comprehensively within the country.

“We have made IBD a primary focus because public awareness remains very low,” said Prof. Dr. Marcellus Simadibrata, a gastroenterology specialist and key figure in the development of the center.

The IBD Center integrates various medical specialties, including gastroenterology, digestive surgery, clinical nutrition, psychology, and hepatology. Routine diagnostic procedures include stool analysis, endoscopy, CT scans, and MRI, followed by treatment through medication, biologic therapy, or surgery. Holistic care and continuous monitoring are key to enabling patients to live normal lives.

In its development, the IBD Center has established partnerships with world-renowned research institutions such as the University of Chicago. This collaboration includes discussions on complex cases, symposia, and mini-lectures.

Dr. Sutrisno T. Subagyo, Sp.PD-JP, the founding director of Abdi Waluyo Hospital, stated that the hospital continues to raise patient awareness of inflammatory bowel disease in Indonesia, provide access to innovative treatments, and collaborate with medical associations to enhance knowledge, diagnostics, and treatment. “This is the foundation on which we built the IBD Center—to improve care and deliver the best possible outcomes for our patients,” he said.

Resource :

https://photo.sindonews.com/newsview/67703/pusat-khusus-radang-usus-pertama-di-indonesia-hadir-di-jakarta

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Menopause is a natural phase in every woman’s life, but it often arrives quietly. Many women don’t realize that symptoms like trouble sleeping, mood swings, or joint pain can be early signs of menopause. If left unmanaged, these symptoms can significantly affect quality of life.

What Is Menopause?

Menopause is the permanent end of menstrual cycles, defined as no menstruation for 12 consecutive months. It typically occurs between ages 45–55 but can come earlier. It is closely linked to a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels.

Commonly Overlooked Symptoms of Menopause

Here are some symptoms often mistaken for general health issues:

• Hot flashes – Sudden warmth in the face, neck, and chest, especially at night.
• Night sweats – Waking up drenched in sweat.
• Sleep disturbances (insomnia) – Difficulty falling or staying asleep without clear cause.
• Mood swings – Increased irritability, anxiety, or sadness.
• Low libido and vaginal dryness – Reduced sexual desire and pain during intercourse.
• Unexplained joint or muscle pain

If you experience several of these symptoms, consult a doctor to confirm if they are related to menopause.

Why Do Menopause Symptoms Occur?

The decline in estrogen affects various body systems, including the nervous, muscular, metabolic, and reproductive systems, causing wide-ranging effects from dry skin to mild cognitive impairment.

Examination and Diagnosis

If menopause is suspected, doctors may perform:

• Review of menstrual history and symptoms
• Hormonal blood tests: LH, FSH, and estradiol
• Daily symptom evaluation and impact on daily life
• Early detection is vital to prevent long-term complications such as osteoporosis and heart disease.

How to Manage Menopause Symptoms

Menopause cannot be stopped, but symptoms can be managed effectively through:

• Healthy lifestyle changes: A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management.
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): For severe symptoms, doctors may consider estrogen/progesterone therapy under strict supervision.
• Natural supplements and phytotherapy: Such as soy isoflavones, evening primrose oil, or black cohosh.
• Psychological counseling: Behavioral therapy or counseling helps with emotional distress.

When to See a Doctor

If menopause symptoms interfere with daily life or begin before age 40 (early menopause), consult a gynecologist. Further evaluation helps determine safe and appropriate treatment. Book an appointment with an obstetrician and gynecology at RS Abdi Waluyo by calling 021-3144989 or using our online booking service.

FAQ

1. At what age do women typically experience menopause?

Usually between 45–55 years old, but it can happen earlier or later depending on genetics, lifestyle, and certain medical conditions.

2. What is the difference between menopause and perimenopause?

Perimenopause is the transition phase leading up to menopause, when hormone levels begin to decline but periods haven’t stopped completely. Symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings often begin here.

3. Can menopause be prevented?

No, it’s a natural process. However, symptoms can be managed through a healthy lifestyle, hormone therapy if needed, and regular doctor visits.

4. Does menopause cause weight gain?

Yes. Lower estrogen levels can slow metabolism and lead to fat accumulation, especially around the abdomen. Balanced diet and exercise help maintain a healthy weight.

5. Do all women need hormone therapy during menopause?

No. Hormone therapy is only prescribed for severe symptoms. Doctors will weigh the benefits and risks based on your medical history.

Resource :

1. Singh M, Mostow A, Tuli S. Tonsillitis. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2025 Jul 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK552590/

2. Desai K, Wadhwa R, Shah H. Pediatric tonsillitis: A review. Cureus. 2024 May 21;16(5):e60708. doi:10.7759/cureus.60708. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663262/
3. Klug TE. Recurrent tonsillitis: an overview of burden and management. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2020;12:1–7. doi:10.2147/DHPS.S235017. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33095879/

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Severe sore throat, enlarged tonsils, and difficulty swallowing? Don’t take it lightly. These symptoms may indicate acute tonsillitis, commonly known as inflamed tonsils. This condition frequently affects both children and adults, and can disrupt daily activities if not treated properly.

What Is Acute Tonsillitis?

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat. In acute cases, the inflammation occurs suddenly and may last from several days up to two weeks. It is usually caused by viral infections but may also result from bacterial infections, particularly Streptococcus pyogenes.

Symptoms of Acute Tonsillitis to Watch For

Symptoms may vary, but common signs include:

• Sudden and severe sore throat
• Pain or difficulty when swallowing
• Enlarged, red tonsils or white patches on them
• Fever and chills
• Bad breath
• Headache or ear pain
• Hoarse voice or voice loss
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck 

In children, symptoms may include decreased appetite, irritability, or vomiting.

Causes of Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis can be caused by:

• Viral infections (adenovirus, influenza, Epstein-Barr virus)
• Bacterial infections, mainly group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) 

Risk factors include:

• School-aged children
• Close contact with respiratory infection cases
• Crowded environments with poor ventilation 

How Is Tonsillitis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is made by a physical exam. If a bacterial infection is suspected, the doctor may perform:

• Throat swab for rapid strep test
• Blood test (if mononucleosis is suspected)

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the cause:

• For viral tonsillitis:
  • Rest
  • Warm fluids
  • Pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen
  • Warm saltwater gargle

• For bacterial tonsillitis:
  • Antibiotics (usually penicillin or amoxicillin, prescribed by a doctor) 

It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent resistance or complications.

When to See an ENT Specialist

Consult a doctor if you or your child experiences:

• Fever > 38.5°C lasting more than 3 days
• Inability to eat or drink due to pain
• Severely swollen tonsils or pus-filled tonsils
• Neck pain or stiffness
• Sudden foul breath 

Is Tonsil Surgery Necessary?

Tonsillectomy (tonsil removal surgery) may be recommended if:

• Tonsillitis recurs more than 5–7 times a year
• It causes sleep disturbances or eating difficulties
• There is a peritonsillar abscess 

Preventing Tonsillitis

• Wash hands regularly
• Avoid sharing eating/drinking utensils
• Wear a mask when ill
• Boost immunity with a balanced diet 

Tonsillitis is common but should not be ignored. Early treatment helps prevent complications and speeds up recovery. If symptoms persist, consult an ENT specialist. Contact the ENT team at RS Abdi Waluyo at 021-3144989 or book your appointment online.

FAQ

1. What’s the difference between tonsillitis and a regular sore throat?
   Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, while sore throat can occur without involving the tonsils. 
2. Can tonsillitis heal without antibiotics?
   If caused by a virus, yes. But bacterial tonsillitis requires antibiotics. 
3. When should I see a doctor for tonsillitis?
   If there is high fever, severe pain when swallowing, significant tonsil swelling, or no improvement in 3 days. 
4. Is tonsillitis contagious?
   Yes. It spreads through saliva droplets or direct contact. 

Does tonsillitis always require surgery?
No. Surgery is considered for recurrent cases, abscesses, or if it causes serious eating/sleeping issues.

Resource :

1. Anderson J, Paterek E. Tonsillitis. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan
2. Gaskell K, Gwini SM, Dalrymple J, Prichard E, Pilcher DV. Use of oral antibiotics for acute sore throat in adults: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2024;14(6):e085883.
3. Patel NB, Jariwala DR, Patel JK, Gajera MV. Comparative efficacy and safety of co-amoxiclav, cefpodoxime proxetil, and levofloxacin in acute uncomplicated bacterial tonsillitis: An open-label, randomized, comparative study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2024;13(3):648–54.

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Still think sunscreen is only necessary at the beach? In reality, sunlight can damage your skin even if you’re just going about your day in the city or even indoors. Daily use of sunscreen is essential to protect your skin from ultraviolet (UV) rays, which can cause long-term damage, including premature aging and skin cancer.

Why Is Sunscreen Important?

UV exposure, especially UVA and UVB rays, can penetrate the skin and cause various harmful effects, such as:

• Dark spots and hyperpigmentation
• Wrinkles and fine lines (premature aging)
  Dull and rough skin
• Skin cancer (including melanoma)

What Is Sunscreen and How Does It Work?

Sunscreen is a skincare product that contains active ingredients to absorb or reflect UV rays before they penetrate the skin. There are two main types:

• Chemical sunscreen – absorbs UV rays and converts them into heat
• Physical/mineral sunscreen – reflects UV rays like a mirror
  Both types are effective when used correctly and reapplied every few hours.

How to Choose the Right Sunscreen

Look for sunscreens with the following criteria:

• SPF 30 or higher – for protection against UVB
  Broad spectrum – for UVA & UVB protection
• Water-resistant – especially if sweating or swimming
• Suitable for your skin type – e.g., gel for oily skin, cream for dry skin

When and How to Use Sunscreen?

• Apply every morning, even when it’s cloudy or you’re indoors with bright lighting
• Apply 15–30 minutes before going outside
  Reapply every 2–3 hours, especially after sweating or water exposure
  Tip: Apply to all exposed areas like the face, neck, ears, hands, and feet.

What Are the Risks of Not Using Sunscreen?

Without proper protection, UV exposure can lead to:

• Collagen damage, causing sagging and wrinkles
• DNA mutations in skin cells, which may trigger skin cancer
• Sunburn, which causes pain, redness, and peeling

Who Should Use Sunscreen?

Everyone! Men and women, from children to older adults. Especially:

• People frequently outdoors
• Those with fair skin, who are more vulnerable to UV damage
• Individuals with a family history of skin cancer
  People undergoing skin treatments (laser, peeling, etc.)

FAQ

1. Should I wear sunscreen every day even if I stay indoors?
   Yes. UVA rays can penetrate through window glass and still damage your skin indoors.

2. Should sunscreen be applied before or after makeup?
   Sunscreen should be applied after skincare and before makeup. Use at least 15 minutes before heading out.

3. What SPF is recommended for daily use?
   Use a sunscreen with at least SPF 30 and a broad-spectrum label for UVA and UVB protection.

4. Should sunscreen be reapplied?
   Yes. Reapply every 2–3 hours, especially after sweating or water exposure.

5. Which is better, SPF 30 or SPF 50 sunscreen?
   SPF 30 can filter about 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 filters around 98%. The difference is not very significant, but SPF 50 may offer extra protection for those with very sensitive skin, prolonged outdoor activities, or individuals undergoing certain skin treatments.

Don’t wait for damage to appear, start protecting your skin now. Daily sunscreen use is a small habit with a big impact on long-term skin health. Healthy skin is your future investment.

Want to find the right sunscreen for your skin type? Consult directly with our dermatologists.

Please contact us at 021-3144989 or schedule your appointment online through the following link: https://wa.link/rsabdiwaluyo

Resource :

1. Micha JP, Bohart RD, Goldstein BH. A review of sunscreen in the prevention of skin cancer. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice. 2025;0(0).
2. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Skin cancer prevention: Expert on the importance of sunscreen [Internet]. Boston (MA): Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; 2023 [cited 2025 Jul 13]. Available from: https://hsph.harvard.edu/news/skin-cancer-prevention-expert-on-the-importance-of-sunscreen/ Healthgrades Editorial Staff. Sunscreen skepticism: Tips for addressing skin cancer misinformation [Internet]. Denver (CO): Healthgrades; 2024 [cited 2025 Jul 13]. Available from: https://resources.healthgrades.com/pro/hcp-cdi-suncreen-skepticism-tips-for-addressing-skin-cancer-misinformation

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Many men remain hesitant about undergoing a vasectomy due to concerns about pain, high risk, or negative effects on sexual performance. In fact, vasectomy is one of the safest and most effective long-term contraceptive methods, offering a quick procedure and minimal recovery.

What Is a Vasectomy?

Vasectomy is a medical procedure that prevents pregnancy by cutting or sealing the sperm ducts (vas deferens) so that sperm does not mix with semen during ejaculation. It is considered a permanent contraceptive method for men and is performed under local anesthesia without requiring hospitalization.

After a vasectomy, the testicles continue to produce testosterone and sperm. However, sperm is naturally reabsorbed by the body, as it no longer exits through ejaculation.

Figure 1. Vasectomy Procedure

How Is a Vasectomy Performed?

Vasectomy is a minor procedure that typically takes less than 30 minutes. There are two main methods:

1. Conventional Vasectomy

A small incision is made in the scrotum to access and cut the vas deferens, which are then tied or cauterized.

1. No-Scalpel Vasectomy

A special tool is used to make a tiny puncture instead of an incision. This technique causes less pain, bleeding, and infection risk, and offers faster recovery.

Both methods are performed under local anesthesia, and most patients can return to light activity within 1–2 days.

Benefits of Vasectomy as Male Contraception

Vasectomy has an effectiveness rate of over 99%. Additional benefits include:

• No impact on hormones, libido, or sexual function
• Safer than long-term hormonal birth control for women
• Quick procedure, no hospital stay required
• Minimal side effects and complications
• Long-term solution for couples who do not want more children

Vasectomy Myths and Facts

Many myths surrounding vasectomy discourage men from considering the procedure. Here are some facts:

• Myth: Vasectomy causes impotence

Fact: Vasectomy does not affect erection, libido, or orgasm.

• Myth: Sperm “builds up” inside the body

Fact: Sperm continues to be produced but is naturally reabsorbed by the body.

• Myth: Vasectomy is immediately effective

Fact: It takes a few weeks or ejaculations for sperm to completely clear from semen. A semen analysis is required to confirm.

Can a Vasectomy Be Reversed?

Technically, yes. Vasectomy can be reversed through a procedure called vasovasostomy, but the success rate decreases over time and is not guaranteed. Therefore, vasectomy should only be chosen if you and your partner are certain about not wanting more children.

Side Effects and Recovery

After the procedure, some men may experience mild swelling, pain, or bruising in the scrotum. These symptoms are usually temporary and resolve within a few days. Doctors typically recommend:

• Applying ice packs during the first 24 hours
• Wearing supportive underwear
• Avoiding strenuous activity for a few days
• Refraining from sexual activity until cleared by a doctor

Who Is a Good Candidate for Vasectomy?

Vasectomy is ideal for men who:

• Have completed their family
• Do not wish to have more children in the future
• Want to help their partner stop using hormonal contraception
• Seek a long-term, low-risk birth control option

Post vasectomy care

After undergoing a vasectomy, patients are advised to follow post-procedure care instructions to promote faster recovery and avoid complications. Here are the key points to keep in mind:

1. Rest and Recovery

Total rest is highly recommended for the first 24–48 hours. Avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, or intense exercise for at least 3–7 days. Applying ice packs to the scrotum can help reduce swelling.

1. Pain Management

Patients may take pain relievers such as ibuprofen as recommended by their doctor. Supportive underwear (such as briefs or athletic supporters) can help reduce discomfort.

1. Wound Care

The incision area should be kept clean and dry for at least 48 hours. Avoid soaking in baths, swimming, or taking hot showers until the wound has fully healed. Showering is allowed after 24 hours.

1. Sexual Activity and Protection

Sexual intercourse should be avoided for at least 7 days after the procedure. Even after the vasectomy, patients must continue using condoms or other contraceptive methods until a sperm analysis confirms that no sperm remain.

1. Post-Vasectomy Sperm Analysis

To confirm that the procedure was successful, patients must undergo a semen test 2–3 months after the procedure or after about 15–20 ejaculations. If two consecutive tests show no sperm, the patient is considered medically sterile.

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

If you are considering vasectomy as a contraceptive method, consult a urology specialist first. The doctor will explain the benefits, risks, and help ensure that you fully understand the implications of the procedure. The medical team at RS Abdi Waluyo is ready to provide professional, safe vasectomy services. Call 021-3144989 or book an appointment online for further discussion.

FAQ

What is a vasectomy?

Vasectomy is a permanent male contraceptive procedure that involves cutting or sealing the sperm ducts (vas deferens), so sperm does not exit during ejaculation.

Does vasectomy affect sexual performance?

No. Vasectomy does not affect erections, sexual desire, or orgasm. Men can continue sexual activity as usual.

Is vasectomy immediately effective?

No. It takes several weeks or ejaculations to clear all remaining sperm from semen. A semen analysis is needed to confirm sterility.

What’s the difference between conventional and no-scalpel vasectomy?

Conventional vasectomy involves a small incision, while no-scalpel uses a puncture without a blade. No-scalpel is less painful and has quicker recovery.

Can vasectomy be reversed?

Technically yes, through surgery (vasovasostomy), but it’s not always successful. Vasectomy should be chosen when you are certain about not having more children.

What are the side effects after vasectomy?

Mild swelling, pain, or bruising in the scrotum may occur temporarily and typically go away within a few days.

Resource :

1. Fainberg J, Kashanian JA. Vasectomy. JAMA 2018;319(23):2450.
2. Stormont G, Deibert CM. Vasectomy [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [cited 2025 May 26]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549904/
3. Wahyu W, Fanumbi EAF, Sumarta WOV, et al. Concept Analysis of Vasectomy Method Selection Decisions: A Literature Review. Indones J Glob Health Res 2024;6(S6):1003–1014.

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What Are Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins are enlarged veins, usually in the legs, caused by weakened vein valves. When the valves don’t function properly, blood doesn’t flow back to the heart efficiently and pools in the veins.

Common symptoms include:

• Heaviness or aching in the legs, especially after prolonged standing
• Swelling around the ankles
• Night cramps
• Bulging, bluish-purple veins
• Itching or skin discoloration around the affected veins

What Is RFA (Radiofrequency Ablation)?

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is a non-surgical procedure that uses radiofrequency energy to generate heat and seal off problematic veins from the inside. A thin catheter is inserted into the affected vein, and controlled heat is used to close the vein, which is then gradually absorbed by the body. RFA has an initial success rate of between 95–98%, and in the long term (5 years), its success rate remains high at 90–95%, which is significantly better than traditional vein stripping procedures.

Once the vein is closed, blood naturally reroutes through healthier veins, improving circulation and reducing varicose symptoms.

Advantages of RFA Compared to Conventional Varicose Vein Surgery

Compared to traditional surgery, RFA offers several benefits, including:

• No large incisions, only a small puncture needed
• General anesthesia
• Minimal pain after the procedure
• Very low risk of bleeding or infection
• Quick recovery, most patients resume normal activity within 1–2 days
• Better cosmetic results, no noticeable scarring

How Is the RFA Procedure Performed?

The RFA procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes and is performed in an outpatient setting. Steps include:

• Ultrasound examination to map the damaged veins
• Local anesthesia applied to the treatment area
• RFA catheter insertion into the vein via a small puncture
• Radiofrequency energy delivered to close the vein

The leg is wrapped or fitted with compression stockings, and the patient can walk out shortly after

Who Is a Good Candidate for RFA?

RFA is suitable for patients with mild to severe varicose veins, especially those involving the saphenous vein. However, it must be discussed with a doctor first, particularly if the patient:

• Pregnancy
• Has a blood clotting disorder
• Has a skin infection in the treatment area

Is RFA Safe?

Yes, RFA is a safe and effective procedure with a high success rate. Possible side effects are generally mild, such as bruising, mild soreness, or swelling at the treatment site, which usually resolve within a few days.

Figure 1. Varices before-after radiofrequency ablation

Recovery After RFA

Recovery after an RFA procedure is generally quick. Most patients can walk and resume light activities on the same day. Doctors typically recommend:

• Wearing compression stockings for 1–2 weeks
• Avoiding prolonged standing or sitting during the first few days
• Refraining from strenuous activities temporarily

When Should You See a Doctor?

Consult a doctor immediately if you experience:

• Bulging, twisted veins in the legs
• Leg pain or heaviness, especially in the afternoon or evening
• Persistent leg swelling that doesn’t improve
• Skin discoloration or slow-healing wounds around the veins

Get the Best Varicose Vein Treatment

If you’re looking for a comfortable, effective, and low-pain solution for varicose veins, RS Abdi Waluyo is here to help. Our medical team uses the latest technology, including Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), to help you return to an active life without discomfort. Contact us at 021-3144989 or book an appointment online for further consultation.

FAQ

What is RFA for varicose veins?

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive medical procedure that uses heat from radiofrequency waves to close enlarged veins caused by varicose veins.

Is RFA safe?

Yes. RFA is proven to be safe with a high success rate. Mild side effects such as bruising or localized pain usually subside within a few days.

What are the advantages of RFA compared to varicose vein surgery?

RFA does not require large incisions, causes minimal pain, offers a quick recovery time, and provides better cosmetic results as it leaves no noticeable scarring.

How long is the recovery time after RFA?

Most patients can walk immediately after the procedure and return to light activities within 1–2 days.

Who is a good candidate for RFA?

RFA is suitable for patients with moderate to severe varicose veins, especially involving the saphenous vein, and who do not have active skin infections or blood clotting disorders.

Does RFA leave scars?

No. Since the procedure only involves a small puncture, RFA does not leave scars like conventional surgery.

Resource :

1. Chokkalingam Mani B, Delgado GA. Varicose Vein Treatment: Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [cited 2025 May 23]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556120/
2. Poder TG, Fisette J-F, Bédard SK, Despatis M-A. Is radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins a valuable option? A systematic review of the literature with a cost analysis. Can J Surg 2018;61(2):128–138.
3. American Vein & Vascular Institute. Before & After Photo Gallery – Vein and Vascular Treatment [Internet]. American Vein; [cited 2025 May 29]. Available from: https://americanvein.com/vein-and-vascular-treatment-before-and-after-photo-gallery/

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Ovarian cancer is often referred to as a “silent killer” because its symptoms are subtle and frequently only detected at an advanced stage. However, with awareness and appropriate screening, the chances of early detection can significantly improve, one of which is through hysteroscopy and colposcopy, two important procedures in evaluating the female reproductive system.

What Is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is the abnormal growth of cells that begins in the tissues of the ovary (ovaries). If not diagnosed early, the cancer can quickly spread to nearby organs.

It is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers in women. Unfortunately, many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the non-specific nature of early symptoms.

Commonly Overlooked Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Here are several symptoms to watch for, especially if they persist:

• Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
• Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
• Frequent urination
• Loss of appetite or feeling full quickly
• Changes in menstrual cycles
• Unexplained weight loss

If you experience these symptoms for more than two weeks, consult a doctor without delay.

Diagnostic Support for Early Detection

Early detection of ovarian cancer involves physical and supporting examinations, especially if suspicious symptoms or family history are present.

Common tests include:

• Transvaginal Ultrasound: To view the ovaries and detect any suspicious masses or cysts.
• Tumor Marker Test (CA-125): Measures levels of a protein often elevated in ovarian cancer patients, although it is not a standalone diagnostic tool.
• CT Scan or MRI: Used to assess the extent of cancer spread within the abdomen or to other organs.

The Role of Hysteroscopy and Colposcopy in Further Evaluation

Although ovarian cancer originates in the ovaries, doctors also examine other reproductive organs to rule out associated abnormalities.

Hysteroscopy: A procedure where a small optical instrument is inserted through the vagina into the uterus to directly view the uterine lining. It helps detect uterine abnormalities that may be related to or mimic ovarian cancer symptoms, such as abnormal bleeding.

Colposcopy: A visual examination of the cervix using magnification. This procedure is helpful if cervical abnormalities are suspected or as part of a comprehensive reproductive system evaluation.

Both procedures are diagnostic tools that help determine whether further actions, such as biopsy or surgery, are needed.

Who Should Be Cautious?

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer, including:

• Family history of ovarian or breast cancer
• Age over 50
• Never having been pregnant
• Endometriosis
• Long-term use of hormone therapy
• BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations

When Should You See a Doctor?

Consult a gynecologist immediately if you experience any suspicious symptoms, especially if you have risk factors. Women are advised to become more vigilant about ovarian cancer starting at age 40, particularly if there is a family history of ovarian or breast cancer. Regular check-ups with a gynecologist, annual transvaginal ultrasounds (for high-risk individuals), and open discussions about any symptoms are strongly recommended after entering perimenopause or postmenopause.

Early screening significantly increases the chances of detecting cancer before it spreads. The team of gynecologic and oncology specialists at RS Abdi Waluyo is ready to assist you in the evaluation and treatment of gynecologic conditions, including ovarian cancer. Contact us at 021-3144989 or visit our Gynecologic Oncology Clinic for more information.

FAQ

What is ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the ovaries. It often develops silently and is typically detected at a later stage.

What are the early symptoms of ovarian cancer?

Symptoms include persistent bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, frequent urination, feeling full quickly, and menstrual irregularities.

Who is at risk for ovarian cancer?

Women over 50, those who have never been pregnant, have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, or have BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutations are at higher risk.

Can hysteroscopy and colposcopy diagnose ovarian cancer?

Not directly. These procedures help rule out other uterine and cervical conditions with similar symptoms as part of a comprehensive evaluation.

What are the most accurate tests for early detection of ovarian cancer?

Transvaginal ultrasound, CA-125 testing, and CT scans are commonly used together. A definitive diagnosis is made through biopsy.

When should I see a doctor?

If you experience suspicious symptoms for more than two weeks—especially with risk factors, consult a gynecologist as soon as possible.

Resource :

1. Liberto JM, Chen S-Y, Shih I-M, Wang T-H, Wang T-L, Pisanic TR. Current and Emerging Methods for Ovarian Cancer Screening and Diagnostics: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers 2022;14(12):2885.
2. Gizzo S, Noventa M, Quaranta M, et al. A novel hysteroscopic approach for ovarian cancer screening/early diagnosis. Oncol Lett 2017;13(2):549–553.

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Do you often experience shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing, even while regularly using asthma medication? You might be unknowingly exposed to hidden triggers around you.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. While inhalers and routine medication can manage asthma, attacks can still occur if the underlying triggers are not identified and controlled.

What is an Asthma Attack?

An asthma attack occurs when the airways suddenly become inflamed and narrowed, often accompanied by excessive mucus production. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and, in some cases, may be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Common signs of an asthma attack include:

• Shortness of breath or rapid, shallow breathing
• Wheezing (a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing)
• Persistent coughing, especially at night
• Tightness or pain in the chest

Why do Asthma Attacks Keep Coming Back?

Many asthma patients feel that they’ve followed their treatment plans but still experience symptoms. One reason could be unrecognized hidden triggers in the environment. Common hidden triggers include:

1. Dust and Dust Mites Indoors

Carpets, curtains, mattresses, and sofas can harbor dust mites. Regular vacuuming and using anti-mite covers can help reduce exposure.

1. Weather Changes and Cold Air

Seasonal changes or exposure to cold air (such as from air conditioning) can worsen asthma. Wearing a mask or scarf in cold weather can protect your airways.

1. Air Pollution and Vehicle Exhaust

Daily exposure to pollution and exhaust fumes can trigger attacks. Avoid outdoor activities when air quality is poor and wear a protective mask.

1. Strong Odors from Perfumes or Cleaning Products

Fragrances and household chemicals can irritate sensitive airways. Choose fragrance-free or asthma-friendly cleaning products.

1. Emotional Stress and Physical Fatigue

Psychological stress, anxiety, or extreme exhaustion can also trigger asthma. Try relaxation techniques like deep breathing or yoga.

1. Food or Drink Allergies

Some asthma patients are sensitive to foods like seafood, eggs, or preservatives. Consult your doctor if you suspect a food allergy is triggering your symptoms.

How to Prevent Recurring Asthma Attacks

To reduce the frequency of asthma attacks, it’s important to identify and avoid the triggers. Here are some prevention tips:

• Use your inhaler as prescribed by your doctor
• Clean your home regularly and minimize dust-collecting items
• Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
• Monitor daily air quality using weather apps
• Manage stress through sufficient rest and light exercise
• Keep a journal of foods or situations that trigger symptoms and share it with your doctor

How can I identify my asthma triggers?

Your doctor will perform a medical evaluation to determine the causes of your asthma flare-ups. Common tests include:

• Spirometry, to measure lung function and determine the degree of airway narrowing.
• Skin prick test or specific IgE blood test, to find out if you have allergies to dust, pollen, certain foods, or pet dander.

When Should You See a Doctor?

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• More frequent asthma attacks
• Your inhaler becomes less effective
• Severe shortness of breath even at rest
• Nighttime symptoms that disrupt your sleep

Consult a pulmonologist or internal medicine specialist for a full evaluation and treatment adjustment. Identifying your triggers and modifying your therapy can significantly improve your condition. Do not ignore recurring asthma attacks, take action early. The medical team at RS Abdi Waluyo is ready to provide you with personalized and effective asthma care. Call 021-3144989 to schedule a consultation or visit our respiratory clinic.

FAQ

What causes recurring asthma attacks?

They can be triggered by dust, cigarette smoke, cold air, stress, excessive physical activity, or food/chemical allergies.

Can asthma be cured?

Asthma cannot be completely cured, but it can be well-managed with regular medication and trigger avoidance.

Is asthma only a childhood condition?

No. Asthma can affect people of all ages. Triggers and symptoms may vary from person to person.

When should I see a doctor for asthma?

Visit a doctor if your attacks become more frequent, your inhaler loses effectiveness, or symptoms occur at night and interfere with sleep.

What is the difference between asthma and regular shortness of breath?

Shortness of breath has many causes, but in asthma it is typically accompanied by wheezing, coughing, and often improves after using an inhaler.

Resource :

1. Goldin J, Hashmi MF, Cataletto ME. Asthma [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [cited 2025 May 9]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430901/
2. Habib N, Pasha MA, Tang DD. Current Understanding of Asthma Pathogenesis and Biomarkers. Cells 2022;11(17):2764.
3. Sinyor B, Concepcion Perez L. Pathophysiology Of Asthma [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [cited 2025 May 9]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551579/

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Do not ignore sudden headaches that feel different from usual. Recently, several public figures have tragically passed away due to ruptured brain aneurysms, reminding us that this silent threat can affect anyone, at any time. A brain aneurysm is a serious condition that often goes undetected until it is too late.

What Is a Brain Aneurysm?

A brain aneurysm is a bulging or ballooning of a blood vessel in the brain due to weakness in the vessel wall, most commonly affecting adults over the age of 40. If left undetected and it ruptures, it can cause bleeding in the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage), which can be fatal. This condition is often called a “silent killer” because it can develop without symptoms until it ruptures.

Symptoms of a Brain Aneurysm to Watch For

Most small aneurysms cause no symptoms. However, larger or ruptured aneurysms can present the following signs:

• A sudden, severe headache that feels like a “burst” in the head
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stiff neck
• Blurred or double vision
• Drooping eyelid
• Seizures
• Sudden loss of consciousness

If you or someone close to you experiences any of these symptoms, seek medical help immediately!

What Causes a Brain Aneurysm?

The exact cause of brain aneurysms is not fully known, but several risk factors may increase the likelihood:

• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Smoking
• Family history of brain aneurysms
• Age over 40
• Gender (more common in women)
• Certain medical conditions such as connective tissue disorders (e.g., Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)

How Is It Detected?

Early detection is key to preventing rupture. The initial screening may involve a CT scan or MRI to visualize brain structures and detect abnormalities. If an aneurysm is suspected, the diagnosis is confirmed through Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), which provides the most detailed view of blood vessels and is considered the gold standard for detecting brain aneurysms.

• CT Scan or MRI: To view brain and blood vessel structures.
• CT Angiography or MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography): To detect vessel enlargement.
• Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA): The most accurate test for detecting brain aneurysms.

Treatment for Brain Aneurysms

Treatment depends on the size, location, and whether the aneurysm has ruptured. Options include:

1. Endovascular Coiling
   1. A minimally invasive procedure where a catheter is inserted into the blood vessel to seal off the aneurysm from the inside.
2. Aneurysm Clipping
   1. An open surgery using a metal clip to close off the aneurysm and stop blood flow into it.
3. Routine Monitoring
   1. If the aneurysm is small and unruptured, the doctor may recommend regular imaging and blood pressure control.

Can Aneurysms Be Prevented?

While not entirely preventable, you can reduce your risk by:

• Controlling blood pressure
• Quitting smoking
• Avoiding excessive alcohol intake
• Maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise
• Getting regular check-ups, especially with a family history

When to See a Doctor

Don’t wait until it’s too late. If you experience a sudden, severe headache, vision changes, or any neurological symptoms, consult a neurologist immediately for further examination. Our medical team is ready to help you detect and manage brain aneurysms early. Visit RS Abdi Waluyo or make an appointment at 021-3144989.

FAQ

What’s the difference between a brain aneurysm and a stroke?

An aneurysm is a bulging blood vessel that can rupture and cause a hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke can also be caused by blockage (ischemic).

Can a brain aneurysm be completely cured?

Yes, if it’s unruptured and treated promptly with coiling or clipping. If ruptured, the outcome depends on how quickly it is treated.

Can a brain aneurysm be detected early?

Yes. Through CT angiography, MRI, or DSA, especially if risk factors are present.

Does every headache mean an aneurysm?

No. But sudden, severe headaches that feel different from usual should be taken seriously.

Who is at risk for brain aneurysms?

Smokers, people with hypertension, women, those over 40, or those with a family history of aneurysms.

Can aneurysms be prevented?

Not completely, but the risk can be lowered through a healthy lifestyle and blood pressure control.

Resource :

1. Toth G, Cerejo R. Intracranial aneurysms: Review of current science and management. Vasc Med Lond Engl 2018;23(3):276–288.
2. Bekelis K, Goodney PR, Dzebisashvili N, Goodman DC, Bronner KK. Cerebral aneurysms: frequency and variation [Homepage on the Internet]. In: Variation in the Care of Surgical Conditions: Cerebral Aneurysms: A Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care Series [Internet]. The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, 2014 [cited 2025 May 6]; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK586759/
3. Jersey AM, Foster DM. Cerebral Aneurysm [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [cited 2025 May 6]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507902/

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The recent death of a marathon runner in Singapore due to sudden brain bleeding has shocked the public. Upon investigation, the cause was identified as Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM), a brain blood vessel abnormality that often goes undetected until it leads to serious complications.

What Is Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)?

AVM is a congenital abnormality of the vascular system, in which arteries and veins are connected directly without the presence of capillaries. This causes abnormal blood flow and poses a high risk of brain hemorrhage. AVMs can occur in various parts of the body, but those that form in the brain (cerebral AVM) are the most dangerous.

Why Is AVM Dangerous?

AVM often does not cause any symptoms until it suddenly ruptures, leading to brain hemorrhage, which may result in stroke, nerve damage, or even death.

This condition is commonly found in young individuals, including teenagers and young adults, and often goes unnoticed until serious symptoms appear.

Symptoms of Brain AVM to Watch For

AVM may present symptoms similar to other neurological conditions. Common symptoms include:

• Chronic or sudden severe headaches
• Seizures (with or without a history of epilepsy)
• Visual disturbances
• Weakness or numbness on one side of the body
• Sudden speech difficulty or confusion
• Fainting or loss of consciousness

If you or someone close to you experiences these symptoms, consult a neurologist immediately.

Causes and Risk Factors of AVM

The exact cause of AVM is not fully understood. Most cases are congenital (present at birth), but they are not hereditary or genetic.

Main risk factors include:

• Age between 15–40 years
• Male gender (slightly more frequent in males)
• History of head trauma (in some cases)

How Is AVM Detected?

AVM can be identified through a series of brain imaging tests. The typical diagnostic steps include:

• Brain CT Scan / MRI
• Initial tests to view brain structure and detect vascular abnormalities.
• CT Angiography / MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)
• Used to see more detailed blood flow in the brain.
• Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

The gold standard for diagnosing AVM, providing the most accurate view of the size, location, and structure of the malformation.

How Is AVM Treated?

Treatment depends on the size, location, and whether the AVM has already caused bleeding. Options include:

• Observation and Monitoring
  • For small, asymptomatic AVMs, doctors may recommend regular imaging and monitoring.
• Embolization
  • A minimally invasive procedure to block blood flow to the AVM using a special substance delivered through a catheter.
• Stereotactic Radiosurgery (e.g., Gamma Knife)
  • A non-invasive technique using focused radiation beams to gradually destroy the AVM.
• Microsurgical Resection
  • Open brain surgery used if the AVM is in a location that is safe to access and remove completely.

Can AVM Be Prevented?

Since AVM is a congenital condition, there is no definitive way to prevent it. However, early detection and appropriate management can prevent serious complications such as brain hemorrhage. Our medical team is ready to help you detect and treat brain aneurysms and AVMs early. Visit RS Abdi Waluyo or book an appointment at 021-3144989.

FAQ

What’s the difference between a rupture brain aneurysm and a stroke?

An aneurysm is a bulging blood vessel that can rupture and cause a hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke can also be caused by blockage (ischemic).

Can a brain aneurysm be completely cured?

Yes, if it’s unruptured and treated promptly with coiling or clipping. If ruptured, the outcome depends on how quickly it is treated.

Can a brain aneurysm be detected early?

Yes. Through CT angiography, MRI, or DSA, especially if risk factors are present.

Does every headache mean an aneurysm?

No. But sudden, severe headaches that feel different from usual should be taken seriously.

Who is at risk for brain aneurysms?

Smokers, people with hypertension, women, those over 40, or those with a family history of aneurysms.

Can aneurysms be prevented?

Not completely, but the risk can be lowered through a healthy lifestyle and blood pressure control.

Resource :

1. Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) | Temple Health [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 May 7];Available from: https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/arteriovenous-malformation
2. Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 May 7];Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/arteriovenous-malformations-avms
3. Zyck S, Davidson CL, Sampath R. Arteriovenous Malformations of the Central Nervous System [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [cited 2025 May 7]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531479/

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Tuberculosis (TBC) is one of the oldest known infectious diseases, yet it remains a major global health concern. TB remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in countries like Indonesia. In 2023, Indonesia reported approximately 821,200 TB cases, marking a substantial increase from previous years. It is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the bones, brain, and kidneys. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, making it highly contagious in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces.

Despite medical advancements, tuberculosis continues to affect millions of people each year. The disease is especially concerning in areas with limited access to healthcare and in individuals with weakened immune systems. While tuberculosis can be fatal if left untreated, it is preventable, diagnosable, and curable with the right approach. Understanding how to prevent, detect, and treat tuberculosis is essential to controlling its spread and protecting public health.

Preventing Tuberculosis

Prevention is the most effective way to stop the spread of tuberculosis. One of the most important preventive measures is vaccination. The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been used for decades to protect against severe forms of tuberculosis, particularly in children. While the vaccine does not guarantee complete protection against lung tuberculosis, it reduces the risk of severe complications such as tuberculosis meningitis.

Another key strategy for prevention is reducing exposure to the bacteria. Since tuberculosis spreads through airborne particles, proper ventilation in homes, schools, and workplaces can help reduce the risk of infection. People who live or work with individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis should take precautions such as wearing protective masks and ensuring frequent air circulation.

For individuals at high risk of developing tuberculosis, preventive medication may be recommended. Those who have been exposed to an infected person but do not yet show symptoms can take antibiotics such as isoniazid or rifampin to prevent the disease from developing. This is particularly important for people with weakened immune systems, such as individuals with HIV, diabetes, or those undergoing chemotherapy.

Recognizing the Symptoms and Getting Diagnosed

Early detection of tuberculosis is critical to successful treatment. The symptoms of tuberculosis vary depending on which part of the body is affected, but the most common signs include a persistent cough lasting more than two weeks, chest pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. In severe cases, a person with tuberculosis may cough up blood.

People experiencing symptoms should seek medical attention immediately. Tuberculosis is diagnosed through a combination of medical tests. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) are commonly used to determine whether a person has been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, these tests do not confirm if the infection is active.

For a definitive diagnosis, doctors rely on sputum tests, chest X-rays, and molecular tests. A sputum culture involves collecting a sample of mucus from the lungs and analyzing it for the presence of tuberculosis bacteria. Molecular testing provides faster and more accurate results, allowing doctors to detect tuberculosis bacteria and determine whether the strain is resistant to antibiotics. Early diagnosis not only improves treatment success but also prevents the disease from spreading to others.

Effective Treatment for Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is curable with proper treatment. The standard treatment involves taking multiple antibiotics for at least six months. The most commonly prescribed medications include isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. These drugs work together to kill the bacteria and prevent them from developing resistance.

Completing the full course of treatment is essential, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Stopping treatment too early can lead to drug-resistant tuberculosis, which is much harder to treat and requires stronger, more toxic medications. Patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis may need treatment for up to two years, with more expensive and complex medications such as bedaquiline and linezolid.

During treatment, patients should follow their doctor’s instructions carefully. Tuberculosis medications can have side effects, such as nausea, liver issues, or vision problems. Regular check-ups with a doctor ensure that treatment is working effectively and that any side effects are managed properly.

For severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary, particularly if a patient has complications such as respiratory failure or if the tuberculosis has spread to other organs.

The Role of Pulmonologists in Tuberculosis Care

Pulmonologists specialize in diagnosing and treating lung diseases, including tuberculosis. At RS Abdi Waluyo, expert pulmonologists provide comprehensive tuberculosis care, from early diagnosis to advanced treatment plans. The hospital is equipped with modern diagnostic tools, imaging technology, and laboratory testing to ensure accurate tuberculosis detection.

Resource :

1. Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI). Pedoman Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Tuberkulosis di Indonesia. Edisi Revisi 2. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia; 2021.
2. Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI). Panduan Umum Praktik Klinis Penyakit Paru dan Pernapasan. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia; 2021.

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The aorta is the body’s largest artery, carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Because of its critical role, any disease or abnormality in the aorta can lead to severe health complications, including aneurysms, blockages, and tears in the artery walls. Advances in medical imaging have significantly improved how doctors diagnose and treat aortic conditions, and one of the most innovative tools available today is Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS).

IVUS is a cutting-edge imaging technology that allows doctors to see inside the arteries in real-time. Unlike traditional imaging techniques that rely on X-rays or CT scans, IVUS uses sound waves to create high-resolution, three-dimensional images of the aortic walls and blood flow patterns.

How IVUS Works and Why It Is Revolutionary

IVUS involves inserting a tiny ultrasound probe into the artery through a catheter, which is guided to the area of interest. The device emits high-frequency sound waves, which bounce off the artery walls and surrounding tissues. These echoes are then converted into detailed cross-sectional images, allowing doctors to assess the structure, thickness, and health of the arterial walls.

Key Benefits of IVUS in Aortic Procedures

The ability to see inside the arteries with such clarity has revolutionized aortic procedures in several ways:

1. More Accurate Diagnosis of Aortic Diseases

Many aortic conditions, such as aneurysms, dissections, and atherosclerosis, can be challenging to detect using conventional imaging methods. IVUS allows doctors to directly measure arterial wall thickness, detect plaque buildup, and identify abnormal tissue inside the aorta. This enables earlier and more precise diagnosis, leading to timely and targeted treatments.

2. Improved Stent Placement for Aortic Aneurysms

Patients with aortic aneurysms, where a weakened section of the artery bulges and may rupture, often require stent grafts to reinforce the aorta. IVUS helps guide the precise placement of these stents, ensuring they are positioned correctly and fully expanded. This reduces the risk of complications, such as endoleaks, where blood leaks around the stent, potentially leading to further problems.

3. Enhanced Detection and Treatment of Aortic Blockages

Atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, can narrow the aorta and restrict blood flow. IVUS helps doctors assess the severity of these blockages and determine whether treatments like angioplasty or stenting are necessary. The technology provides clear images of plaque composition, distinguishing between soft, high-risk plaques and harder, calcified ones. This helps in making more informed treatment decisions and reducing the risk of future heart attacks or strokes.

4. Increased Safety and Precision in Minimally Invasive Procedures

IVUS is commonly used in endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), a minimally invasive procedure for treating aortic aneurysms. Because precise placement of devices is crucial, IVUS ensures that catheters, balloons, and stents are guided accurately into position. This minimizes the risk of complications and reduces the need for repeated procedures.

5. Reduced Radiation Exposure Compared to Traditional Imaging

Unlike fluoroscopy (X-ray imaging used during procedures), IVUS does not expose patients to ionizing radiation. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who require multiple aortic procedures or long-term monitoring, as it reduces their overall radiation exposure while still providing  highly detailed images.

Who Can Benefit from IVUS?

IVUS is particularly useful for patients with:

• Aortic aneurysms – to guide stent placement and monitor artery walls
• Aortic dissections – to evaluate the severity of artery tears and guide treatment
• Atherosclerosis – to assess plaque buildup and determine treatment strategies
• Peripheral artery disease (PAD) – to check for blockages and aid in stent placement
• Previous aortic surgery or interventions – to ensure long-term monitoring of stents and grafts

Doctors often recommend IVUS for high-risk patients or those whose condition requires detailed assessment beyond what standard imaging can provide.

IVUS and the Future of Aortic Care

As medical technology continues to evolve, IVUS is becoming an essential tool in modern aortic procedures. It provides unmatched accuracy and safety, allowing doctors to detect problems earlier, treat conditions more effectively, and improve patient outcomes. Combined with robotic-assisted surgery and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered diagnostics, IVUS represents the future of minimally invasive cardiovascular care.

Many leading hospitals and heart centers now incorporate IVUS into routine aortic procedures, ensuring that patients receive the most precise and personalized care possible.

Advanced Cardiac and Vascular Care at RS Abdi Waluyo

RS Abdi Waluyo is committed to cutting-edge cardiovascular care, offering IVUS-guided procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases. With a team of experienced cardiologists and vascular specialists, the hospital provides advanced imaging and minimally invasive interventions for conditions such as aortic aneurysms, arterial blockages, and heart disease.

Resource :

1. Belkin N, Jackson BM, Foley PJ, et al. The use of intravascular ultrasound in the treatment of type B aortic dissection with thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair is associated with improved long-term survival. J Vasc Surg 2020;72(2):490–497.
2. Shimoda T, D’Oria M, Kuno T, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Intravascular Ultrasound Versus Angiography in Abdominal and Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Cardiol 2024;223:81–91.
3. Mosarla RC, Heindel PV, Hussain MA, et al. Utilization and Outcomes Associated With Intravascular Ultrasound During Abdominal and Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Interventions in the United States in the Contemporary Era (2016–2023). Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2024;18(1):e014332.

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The heart is a vital organ that works tirelessly to pump blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to every cell. However, over time, the arteries that carry blood to the heart can become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of fatty deposits known as plaque. This condition, called coronary artery disease, can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, and even heart attacks. Fortunately, modern medical advancements have made it possible to restore blood flow to the heart without the need for open-heart surgery. One of the most effective treatments for blocked arteries is Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), also known as coronary angioplasty.

PTCA is a minimally invasive procedure that helps open up narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to flow more freely to the heart. It is typically performed using a thin, flexible tube called a catheter, which is inserted into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guided to the affected artery. Once in position, a small balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated, pressing the plaque against the artery walls and widening the passage for blood flow.

In many cases, doctors also place a stent, a tiny mesh tube, inside the artery to keep it open and prevent it from narrowing again. The stent remains in place permanently, supporting the artery and reducing the risk of future blockages.

The entire procedure is performed under local anesthesia, meaning the patient is awake but does not feel pain. Most PTCA procedures take about one to two hours, and patients can often return home within a day or two after the treatment.

Why PTCA is an Effective Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease

PTCA has become one of the most commonly performed procedures for treating coronary artery disease because of its high success rate and faster recovery time compared to traditional heart surgery. Unlike coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which requires open-heart surgery, PTCA is a less invasive option that does not involve large incisions or prolonged hospital stays.

The benefits of PTCA include:

• Immediate Relief from Symptoms – Many patients experience an instant improvement in chest pain and breathing as soon as blood flow is restored.
• Lower Risk of Heart Attack – By opening blocked arteries, PTCA helps reduce the likelihood of a heart attack in patients with severe coronary artery disease.
• Quick Recovery Time – Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days, making it a preferred option for those who want to return to daily life quickly.
• Minimally Invasive Procedure – Since PTCA does not require open-heart surgery, there is less pain, a lower risk of infection, and a shorter hospital stay.

Who Needs PTCA?

Doctors recommend PTCA for patients who have significant narrowing or blockages in their coronary arteries that are causing symptoms such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or fatigue. It is also used in emergency situations, such as during a heart attack, to quickly restore blood flow and prevent heart damage. PTCA can be done after patient undergo CT Cardiac.

PTCA may be an ideal treatment for patients who:

• Have moderate to severe coronary artery disease
• Experience frequent chest pain despite taking medications
• Have blockages that are accessible for angioplasty
• Are not candidates for open-heart surgery due to other health conditions

Before performing PTCA, doctors use diagnostic tests such as coronary angiography, stress tests, or CT scans to evaluate the severity and location of the blockages.

Figure 1. Gambaran Coronary Angiography

• Left Image (Red Arrow): This shows significant narrowing (stenosis) in a coronary artery, which indicates a restricted blood flow. This can lead to angina (chest pain), shortness of breath, or even a heart attack if left untreated.
• Right Image (Green Arrow): This shows an artery that appears to have been successfully opened, suggesting that an intervention such as Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) with stent placement has been performed.

The Role of Stents in PTCA

In most cases, doctors use a stent during PTCA to help keep the artery open long-term. Stents come in different types, including:

• Bare-metal stents (BMS) – Simple mesh tubes that help support the artery.
• Drug-eluting stents (DES) – Coated with medication to prevent scar tissue from forming and reducing the risk of re-narrowing.

Research has shown that drug-eluting stents are highly effective in reducing the recurrence of blockages, making them the preferred choice for many patients.

What to Expect After PTCA

Most patients can go home within 24 to 48 hours after PTCA. While some may feel slight discomfort at the catheter insertion site, full recovery is usually quick, and normal activities can be resumed within a few days.

To maintain the benefits of PTCA and prevent future blockages, doctors often recommend lifestyle changes and medications, including:

• A heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
• Regular exercise to improve heart function and circulation
• Quitting smoking, as tobacco use significantly increases the risk of arterial blockages
• Medications like blood thinners and cholesterol-lowering drugs to keep arteries clear

Regular follow-ups with a cardiologist are essential to monitor heart health and ensure the treated artery remains open.

Why PTCA is the Preferred Choice for Many Patients

Compared to bypass surgery, which requires major incisions and a longer recovery period, PTCA offers a less invasive and faster alternative for many patients with coronary artery disease. While some complex cases still require surgery, PTCA is the first-line treatment for patients with single or multiple arterial blockages that can be treated with angioplasty and stents.

Studies show that PTCA significantly improves heart function, reduces symptoms, and enhances quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. With the advancements in stent technology and imaging techniques, the success rate of PTCA continues to improve, making it a safe and effective option for heart patients worldwide.

Advanced Heart Care at RS Abdi Waluyo

RS Abdi Waluyo is equipped with modern catheterization labs and advanced cardiac monitoring technology, making it a trusted choice for heart disease diagnosis and treatment. Patients receive comprehensive care, from initial evaluation to post-procedure follow-ups, ensuring the best long-term heart health outcomes.

Resources:

1. Malik TF, Tivakaran VS. Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [cited 2025 Feb 16]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535417/
2. Bansal A, Hiwale K. Updates in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease: A Review Article. Cureus 15(12):e50644.
3. Dawson LP, Lum M, Nerleker N, Nicholls SJ, Layland J. Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022;79(1):66–82.
4. United Cardiology. Coronary Angiography, Angioplasty, and Stenting [Internet]. Eastwood (NSW): United Cardiology; [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: https://unitedcardiology.com.au/tests-procedures/coronary-angiography-angioplasty-and-stenting/

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Circumcision is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the foreskin, the skin covering the tip of the penis. It is one of the oldest medical practices, performed for cultural, religious, and medical reasons across different societies. Medical research has shown that it can offer several health benefits. Understanding the advantages and potential considerations can help individuals and parents make informed decisions about the procedure.

• The Medical Benefits of Circumcision

Circumcision has been associated with various health benefits, ranging from improved hygiene. Medical experts and global health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), recognize circumcision as a procedure that can contribute to better public health outcomes.

• Improved Hygiene and Reduced Risk of Infections

One of the most immediate benefits of circumcision is improved genital hygiene. The foreskin can trap bacteria, sweat, and other substances, making it a potential site for infections if not cleaned properly. Circumcision eliminates this concern by making it easier to maintain cleanliness, reducing the risk of infections such as balanitis, which is the inflammation of the head of the penis.

Uncircumcised men are also more prone to developing smegma, a buildup of oils and dead skin cells under the foreskin. If left uncleaned, smegma can cause irritation and sometimes leading to infection. Circumcision helps prevent such complications by removing the area where these buildups commonly occur.

• Circumcision in Adults: When is it Recommended?

While circumcision is commonly performed during infancy, some men undergo the procedure later in life due to medical reasons or personal preference. In adults, circumcision is often recommended for individuals experiencing chronic infections, phimosis, or other urological issues that affect daily comfort. Some men also choose circumcision for its hygiene and health benefits later in life.

Adult circumcision requires a slightly longer recovery period compared to infant circumcision. Most men can resume normal activities within a few weeks, but doctors usually recommend avoiding strenuous exercise and sexual activity until the surgical site is fully healed.

Female circumcision, also known as female genital cutting (FGC), is a cultural practice rather than a medical necessity. Unlike male circumcision, which has been linked to certain health benefits, female circumcision offers no medical advantages and is not recommended by health professionals. In some regions of Indonesia, particularly in rural areas, female circumcision is still practiced, often as a symbolic ritual with minimal cutting. However, organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indonesian Ministry of Health discourage the practice due to its potential risks, including infection, pain, scarring, childbirth complications, and long-term psychological distress.

While some communities associate female circumcision with religious or traditional beliefs, Islamic scholars and medical experts emphasize that it is not a religious requirement. The United Nations (UN) and international health agencies classify the practice as unnecessary and potentially harmful. Unlike male circumcision, which is a personal health decision, female circumcision is increasingly discouraged as awareness grows. Medical professionals encourage safe and evidence-based health practices, emphasizing that female circumcision is not needed for hygiene, religion, or medical reasons.

• Expert Urological Care at RS Abdi Waluyo

For those considering circumcision, consulting an experienced urologist is essential to ensure a safe and comfortable procedure. RS Abdi Waluyo provides expert urological care, offering both pediatric and adult circumcision with modern surgical techniques to minimize discomfort and speed up recovery.

The urology specialists at RS Abdi Waluyo perform circumcision under high medical standards, ensuring precision and patient comfort. Whether the procedure is done for medical, personal, or cultural reasons, the hospital’s team provides comprehensive pre-operative and post-operative care to support patients throughout the healing process.

Resources:

1. Greater Benefits of Infant Circumcision [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 11];Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/articles/2012/10/greater-benefits-of-infant-circumcision
2. Morris BJ, Krieger JN, Klausner JD. CDC’s Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure. Glob Health Sci Pract 2017;5(1):15–27.
3. Circumcision [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 11];Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/circumcision.html

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RS Abdi Waluyo has been designated as a Center of Excellence for Rezūm Water Vapor Therapy treatment – a minimally invasive procedure Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Rezūm  Therapy uses natural water vapor to reduce the size of the prostate and provide lasting symptom relief from BPH without invasive surgery or some of the potential side effects of prescription drugs.

The Center of Excellence designation recognizes dr. Adistra Imam Satjakoesoemah, Sp.U, FICS, high degree of experience with Rezūm Water Vapor Therapy and commitment to delivering significant, lasting symptom relief to men suffering from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), a condition in which a man’s prostate enlarges and squeezes the urethra, causing frustrating symptoms such as frequent or urgent urination, a weak or interrupted urine stream, and the need to get up several times a night to urinate. It affects about 50% of men by age 60, and up to 90% of men by age 85.

 Center of Excellence Recognizes High Degree of Experience with New Technology

“Being designated as a Rezūm Center of Excellence is a very important recognition for us, as we strive to provide the best possible treatment of urological conditions for patients in Indonesia. For many years, the primary option for treating BPH was through medications or invasive surgery. However, medications may not work for everyone and may have undesirable side effects in sexual function. With Rezūm Therapy, we’re able to provide relief of BPH for men who do not want to take medication or want to avoid invasive surgery” said dr. Adistra Imam Satjakoesoemah, Sp.U, FICS.

During Rezūm Therapy, natural water vapor is released throughout the targeted prostate tissue. When the steam contacts the tissue and turns back to water, it releases energy, killing the excess prostate cells that squeeze the urethra. Over time, the body’s natural healing response removes the dead cells and shrinks the prostate. With the extra tissue removed, the urethra opens, relieving BPH symptoms while preserving erectile and urinary function.

To consult with a Urologist at Abdi Waluyo hospital, click the link to schedule an appointment

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Cardiac CT has been used for years to detect coronary artery disease, assess calcium deposits, and evaluate the structure of the heart. However, traditional CT scans often produce images that require specialized interpretation, sometimes making it difficult to visualize fine details. Cinematic imaging technology enhances the clarity of these scans, creating lifelike, photorealistic images that allow doctors to see the heart with unprecedented detail. This advancement helps detect blockages, plaque formations, and other abnormalities with greater accuracy, leading to better diagnosis and treatment plans.

Figure 1. Results from cardiac CT

How Cinematic Imaging Improves Cardiac CT

Traditional CT scans use X-ray technology to capture cross-sectional images of the heart and blood vessels. These images are then processed to create a detailed view of the cardiovascular system. While effective, standard CT images may lack depth and realistic contrast, making it challenging to differentiate between normal and diseased tissue.

Cinematic Cardiac CT enhances these images by using advanced rendering techniques that simulate how light interacts with tissues in the body. This creates a more realistic, three-dimensional view of the heart, similar to what a surgeon would see during an operation. The increased contrast and clarity allow doctors to identify early-stage plaque buildup, arterial narrowing, and subtle heart abnormalities that might go unnoticed with traditional imaging methods.

By providing highly detailed images, cinematic imaging helps doctors assess the composition of plaques in the coronary arteries. Some plaques are soft and more likely to rupture, leading to heart attacks, while others are calcified and stable. Understanding the nature of these plaques allows cardiologists to determine the risk of future cardiovascular events and recommend the most appropriate treatment.

Detecting Hidden Heart Disease Before Symptoms Appear

One of the greatest challenges in cardiology is identifying heart disease before it causes symptoms. Many people with coronary artery disease (CAD) do not experience noticeable warning signs until a heart attack or angina occurs. This is why early screening is crucial, especially for individuals at high risk due to factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, or a family history of heart disease.

Cinematic Cardiac CT provides a clear visualization of the coronary arteries, allowing doctors to detect blockages and narrowing of blood vessels at an early stage. This makes it possible to intervene with lifestyle changes, medications, or procedures before a serious cardiac event occurs. Unlike traditional stress tests, which may not always detect small blockages, Cinematic Cardiac CT offers a direct and precise assessment of arterial health.

Patients experiencing chest pain or shortness of breath can also benefit from this advanced imaging technique. Instead of undergoing invasive procedures like cardiac catheterization, a non-invasive Cinematic Cardiac CT scan can provide a detailed diagnosis, allowing doctors to determine whether further intervention is necessary.

Understanding the Role of Plaques in Heart Disease

Plaque buildup in the arteries is one of the leading causes of heart attacks and strokes. These plaques consist of cholesterol, calcium, and other substances that accumulate over time. If a plaque ruptures, it can form a clot that blocks blood flow to the heart or brain, leading to a life-threatening emergency.

With traditional imaging techniques, distinguishing between soft, high-risk plaques and stable, calcified plaques can be challenging. Cinematic Cardiac CT enhances visualization by highlighting different textures and densities within the arteries. This allows doctors to assess whether a patient is at risk for a sudden cardiac event and take preventive measures accordingly.

Who Should Consider a Cinematic Cardiac CT Scan?

Not everyone needs a cardiac CT scan, but certain individuals may benefit significantly from early screening. Some key candidates for Cinematic Cardiac CT include:

• Individuals with a family history of heart disease
• Patients with high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or diabetes
• Smokers or those with a history of heavy alcohol consumption
• People who are overweight or lead a sedentary lifestyle
• Patients experiencing chest pain, fatigue, or shortness of breath
• Those with an abnormal heart stress test who need further evaluation

For high-risk individuals, Cinematic Cardiac CT can provide a clearer picture of heart health, allowing doctors to recommend preventive measures such as medications, dietary changes, or interventional procedures like angioplasty before serious complications arise.

Figure 2. Results from the Photon Counting CT Scan

One of the most significant advancements in Cinematic Cardiac CT is its ability to accurately differentiate plaque types within the coronary arteries. Traditional CT scans often struggle with the blooming effect, which can overestimate the severity of arterial blockages due to calcium deposits. With Quantum HD Cardiac imaging, doctors can now clearly distinguish between stable calcified plaques, fibrotic plaques, and lipid-rich plaques, the latter being more prone to rupture and cause heart attacks. This high level of detail allows cardiologists to assess the true risk of cardiovascular events and make more precise treatment decisions.

Additionally, stent evaluation has greatly improved with this technology. Conventional CT scans often suffer from metal artifacts, making it difficult to determine if a stent is still open or has become blocked (in-stent restenosis). Cinematic Cardiac CT minimizes these distortions, offering a clearer view of blood flow within the stent. This enables non-invasive monitoring of patients with previous coronary interventions, reducing the need for unnecessary catheterization procedures. Combined with lower radiation exposure and ultra-high resolution, this innovation is transforming how heart disease is diagnosed and managed, ensuring earlier detection and better treatment outcomes.

A Non-Invasive and Safe Approach to Heart Imaging

Many heart diagnostic procedures, such as cardiac catheterization, require inserting a tube into the arteries to examine blood flow and detect blockages. While effective, these procedures carry risks of complications such as bleeding and infection.

Cinematic Cardiac CT is a non-invasive alternative that requires no hospital stay or recovery time. The scan typically takes only a few minutes, and patients can resume normal activities immediately after the procedure. Unlike traditional angiograms, which require inserting a catheter into the heart, Cinematic Cardiac CT simply involves lying still while an imaging machine captures high-resolution scans.

The procedure is also safe for most patients, as it uses low-dose radiation to create detailed images. Advances in imaging technology have significantly reduced radiation exposure, making it an appropriate choice for many individuals, including those who require regular monitoring of heart conditions.

A New Era in Heart Disease Diagnosis

Cinematic Cardiac CT represents a major advancement in heart disease detection, offering clearer, more detailed imaging that allows doctors to identify and manage cardiovascular risks before they become life-threatening. By providing non-invasive, high-resolution visuals of the heart and arteries, this revolutionary technology is transforming the way heart disease is diagnosed and treated.

For those at risk of heart disease, undergoing Cinematic Cardiac CT can be a life-saving step, offering insights that were previously difficult to obtain. With early detection and expert medical care available at RS Abdi Waluyo, patients can take proactive measures to protect their heart health and lead a longer, healthier life.

Resources

1. Mergen V, Sartoretti T, Baer-Beck M, et al. Ultra-High-Resolution Coronary CT Angiography With Photon-Counting Detector CT: Feasibility and Image Characterization. Invest Radiol 2022;57(12):780–788.
2. Multimodality cardiac imaging in the 21st century: evolution, advances and future opportunities for innovation – PMC [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 11];Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7774683/
3. Rowe SP, Johnson PT, Fishman EK. Initial experience with cinematic rendering for chest cardiovascular imaging. Br J Radiol 2018;91(1082):20170558.
4. Rowe SP, Chu LC, Recht HS, Lin CT, Fishman EK. Black-blood cinematic rendering: A new method for cardiac CT intraluminal visualization. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020;14(3):272–274.

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Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. While genetics and lifestyle factors such as smoking and physical activity play a role, diet is one of the most significant contributors to heart health. The foods consumed daily can either protect the heart or increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. Making smart dietary choices can help maintain healthy cholesterol levels, regulate blood pressure, and reduce inflammation, all of which are essential in preventing heart disease.

The heart relies on a steady supply of essential nutrients to function properly. A diet rich in healthy fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals can strengthen the heart and lower the risk of developing heart disease. On the other hand, consuming too much saturated fat, processed foods, and added sugars can lead to high cholesterol, hypertension, and inflammation, all of which contribute to heart problems.

Choose Heart-Healthy Fats

Not all fats are harmful. In fact, some types of fat are essential for maintaining good heart health. Unsaturated fats, found in foods like olive oil, avocados, nuts, and fatty fish, help lower bad cholesterol (LDL) and increase good cholesterol (HDL). Omega-3 fatty acids, which are abundant in salmon, sardines, and flaxseeds, reduce inflammation and decrease the risk of heart disease.

On the other hand, trans fats and excessive saturated fats should be avoided. Trans fats, commonly found in processed foods such as margarine, fried snacks, and packaged baked goods, increase cholesterol levels and raise the risk of heart disease. Saturated fats, present in red meat, butter, and full-fat dairy, should be consumed in moderation to maintain a balanced diet.

Increase Fiber Intake for a Stronger Heart

Fiber plays a crucial role in maintaining heart health by reducing cholesterol levels and supporting digestion. Soluble fiber, found in oats, beans, lentils, and fruits like apples and berries, binds to cholesterol and removes it from the body before it enters the bloodstream. This helps lower overall cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of arterial blockages.

Whole grains such as brown rice, quinoa, and whole wheat bread are also excellent sources of fiber. These foods promote stable blood sugar levels and improve overall cardiovascular health. By replacing refined carbohydrates with fiber-rich foods, the heart receives better protection against disease.

Reduce Salt and Sugar Consumption

Excessive salt and sugar intake can have harmful effects on the heart. High sodium levels contribute to high blood pressure, which increases the risk of stroke and heart attack. Processed and packaged foods, including canned soups, fast food, and deli meats, often contain high amounts of sodium. Choosing fresh ingredients and seasoning meals with herbs and spices instead of salt can help maintain healthy blood pressure levels.

Sugar, particularly refined sugar found in soft drinks, sweets, and pastries, contributes to weight gain and increases the risk of diabetes, which is closely linked to heart disease. Consuming natural sugars from fruits and limiting added sugars in beverages and processed foods can help reduce these risks.

The Importance of Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are packed with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that protect the heart. Leafy greens like spinach, kale, and Swiss chard are rich in potassium, which helps regulate blood pressure by counteracting the effects of sodium. Berries contain antioxidants that reduce inflammation and prevent oxidative stress, both of which are risk factors for heart disease.

Citrus fruits such as oranges and grapefruits provide vitamin C, which strengthens blood vessels and improves circulation. Including a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables in daily meals ensures that the body receives the necessary nutrients to support heart health.

Stay Hydrated for Better Circulation

Proper hydration is essential for maintaining good heart function. Water helps the blood flow smoothly, preventing thickening that can lead to clot formation. Dehydration can strain the heart, making it work harder to pump blood throughout the body. Drinking sufficient water each day, along with consuming hydrating foods such as cucumbers, watermelon, and celery, helps support cardiovascular health.

Balanced Eating Habits for Long-Term Health

Adopting a heart-healthy diet is not about strict restrictions but rather about making balanced choices. Portion control is an important aspect of maintaining a healthy weight and preventing overeating. Eating smaller meals more frequently can help regulate metabolism and prevent sudden spikes in blood sugar levels.

Mindful eating, which involves paying attention to hunger and fullness cues, can also prevent unnecessary calorie intake. Avoiding distractions such as television or electronic devices while eating allows for better awareness of food choices and portion sizes.

A summary table for the recommended daily allowance intake for the nutrient

At RS Abdi Waluyo, expert nutritionists provide personalized dietary guidance to support heart health. With a deep understanding of how nutrition affects cardiovascular function, they create customized meal plans tailored to individual needs. Whether managing high blood pressure, cholesterol, or weight-related concerns, the nutrition specialists at RS Abdi Waluyo help patients make informed choices that promote a healthier heart.

Resources

1. Heart Disease and Nutrition | Cardiovascular Care at RWJBarnabas Health NJ [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 4];Available from: https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/heart-disease-prevention/heart-disease-and-nutrition/
2. Heart-healthy diet: 8 steps to prevent heart disease – Mayo Clinic [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 4];Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-healthy-diet/art-20047702
3. Heart healthy eating pattern | Heart Foundation [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 4];Available from: https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/healthy-living/healthy-eating/heart-healthy-eating-pattern

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Good dental habits start early, setting the foundation for a lifetime of strong and healthy teeth. Children’s dental health is an essential part of overall well-being, influencing their ability to eat, speak, and grow with confidence. National Children’s Dental Health Month serves as a reminder of the importance of preventive care and the role parents play in shaping their children’s oral hygiene habits. Establishing a solid dental routine from a young age can help prevent cavities, gum disease, and other dental issues that may affect a child’s health in the long run.

Children begin developing their first set of teeth, known as primary teeth or baby teeth, as early as six months old. By the age of three, most children have a full set of 20 primary teeth. While these teeth eventually fall out, they serve a critical purpose in a child’s development. Baby teeth help in chewing food properly, aid in speech development, and maintain space for permanent teeth. Losing them too early due to cavities or decay can lead to alignment issues and difficulty eating.

Dental professionals recommend that children have their first dental visit by their first birthday or within six months of their first tooth appearing. Early visits to the dentist allow for the early detection of potential problems and provide parents with guidance on proper oral care practices. Routine dental check-ups help ensure that a child’s teeth are developing correctly and that there are no underlying issues that could affect their future dental health.

Common Dental Problems in Children

One of the most common dental issues among children is tooth decay. Cavities form when bacteria in the mouth break down sugars from food and drinks, producing acid that weakens tooth enamel. Poor oral hygiene, frequent consumption of sugary snacks, and inadequate fluoride exposure contribute to tooth decay. If left untreated, cavities can cause pain, infections, and even difficulties in eating and speaking.

Gum disease is another concern for children. Although it is more common in adults, children can develop gingivitis, the early stage of gum disease. Symptoms include red, swollen gums that may bleed when brushing or flossing. Proper brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits can help prevent gum problems before they progress.

Thumb sucking and pacifier use beyond the toddler years can also affect dental health. Prolonged sucking habits can lead to misalignment of teeth and changes in jaw development. Parents should gently encourage their children to stop these habits before they cause permanent dental issues.

One important aspect of a child’s dental health is the transition from baby teeth to permanent teeth, which typically begins around the age of six and continues into the early teenage years. This phase is crucial because the way baby teeth fall out and how permanent teeth emerge can influence a child’s long-term dental alignment. If baby teeth are lost too early due to decay or injury, the surrounding teeth may shift, causing misalignment when permanent teeth come in. On the other hand, if baby teeth do not fall out on time, they can obstruct the eruption of permanent teeth, leading to crowding or irregular positioning.

One common issue that arises from improper tooth transition is tooth crowding or malocclusion, commonly known as “gigi gingsul” in Indonesian, which refers to crooked or overlapping teeth. This condition occurs when there is not enough space in the jaw for permanent teeth to grow in their proper positions. Misaligned teeth can affect chewing, speech, and even self-confidence in children. Regular dental check-ups allow dentists to monitor tooth development and recommend early interventions such as space maintainers or orthodontic assessments if needed. Ensuring that the transition from baby teeth to permanent teeth is properly managed can prevent long-term dental complications and promote a well-aligned, healthy smile.

Essential Dental Hygiene Habits for Children

Instilling good oral hygiene habits in children from an early age is essential for lifelong dental health. Parents play a crucial role in teaching and reinforcing these habits. The following practices can help keep children’s teeth healthy and strong:

• Brushing Twice a Day
  • Children should brush their teeth at least twice a day using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Brushing should last for about two minutes to ensure that all areas of the mouth are cleaned properly. Parents should supervise young children and help them brush until they develop the coordination to do it effectively on their own, usually around the age of six or seven.
• Flossing Daily
  • Flossing removes food particles and plaque from between the teeth, where a toothbrush cannot reach. Once children have two teeth that touch, parents should introduce flossing into their routine. Flossing should be done at least once a day to prevent cavities and gum disease.
• Limiting Sugary Foods and Drinks
  • Excessive sugar consumption is one of the main causes of tooth decay in children. Sugary snacks, juices, sodas, and sticky candies contribute to the formation of cavities. Encouraging children to eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and whole grains helps promote strong and healthy teeth.
• Drinking Water and Using Fluoride
  • Drinking plenty of water helps rinse away food particles and neutralize acids in the mouth. Fluoride, a mineral found in water and toothpaste, strengthens tooth enamel and helps prevent cavities. Parents should ensure their children are getting enough fluoride, either through drinking fluoridated water or using fluoride toothpaste.
• Regular Dental Check-Ups
  • Visiting the dentist every six months is essential for maintaining oral health. Dental professionals can detect early signs of decay, clean the teeth thoroughly, and provide preventive treatments such as fluoride applications or dental sealants. Sealants are thin protective coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of molars to prevent cavities from forming in hard-to-reach areas.

Encouraging Good Oral Hygiene Through Fun Activities

Children are more likely to stick to healthy habits when they find them enjoyable. Parents can make oral hygiene fun by turning brushing and flossing into engaging activities. Letting children choose their toothbrushes in their favorite colors or featuring cartoon characters can make brushing more exciting. Playing a two-minute song while brushing can help ensure they brush for the right amount of time. Using reward charts to track consistent brushing and flossing habits can also encourage children to take responsibility for their oral health.

Many children feel anxious about visiting the dentist, but positive experiences at an early age can help them feel more comfortable. Parents can prepare their children for dental visits by explaining what to expect in a simple and reassuring way. Reading books or watching videos about dental visits can help children feel more familiar with the experience.

Choosing a child-friendly dentist who specializes in pediatric dental care can make a significant difference. A gentle and friendly approach helps children feel at ease, making future visits more enjoyable and stress-free.

Expert Pediatric Dental Care at RS Abdi Waluyo

RS Abdi Waluyo provides specialized pediatric dental care designed to meet the unique needs of children. The hospital’s experienced dentists use gentle techniques and modern technology to ensure a comfortable and effective treatment experience for young patients. From routine check-ups to preventive treatments such as fluoride applications and dental sealants, RS Abdi Waluyo prioritizes children’s oral health with a compassionate approach.

The Role of Parents in Lifelong Dental Health

A child’s dental health journey begins at home, with parents playing a central role in guiding them toward good oral hygiene. By creating a positive environment around dental care, encouraging consistent habits, and ensuring regular dental visits, parents set the foundation for their children’s lifelong oral health. Taking small steps early on can prevent serious dental issues later in life, allowing children to grow with bright and confident smiles.

Resources

1. Giles E, Gray-Burrows KA, Bhatti A, et al. ‘Strong Teeth’: an early-phase study to assess the feasibility of an oral health intervention delivered by dental teams to parents of young children. BMC Oral Health 2021;21(1):267.
2. National Childrens Dental Health Month [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 5];Available from: https://www.ada.org/resources/community-initiatives/national-childrens-dental-health-month
3. Children’s teeth [Homepage on the Internet]. nhs.uk. 2022 [cited 2025 Feb 5];Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-teeth-and-gums/taking-care-of-childrens-teeth/

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Running a marathon is more than just a test of endurance; it is a journey that transforms both the body and mind. Whether you are an experienced runner or a beginner taking on the challenge for the first time, training for a marathon offers a wealth of health benefits that extend far beyond the finish line. From strengthening your heart to boosting mental health, marathon training is a holistic approach to improving overall well-being.

Cardiovascular Health: Strengthening Your Heart

One of the most significant benefits of marathon training is the positive impact it has on cardiovascular health. Long-distance running enhances heart function by increasing its efficiency in pumping blood throughout the body. Over time, consistent training helps to lower resting heart rate and improve blood circulation. This reduces the risk of heart-related conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke.

Studies have shown that runners have a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to non-runners. The regular aerobic activity involved in marathon training strengthens the heart muscles, ensuring better oxygen and nutrient delivery to various parts of the body. Training for a marathon encourages the development of a healthy cardiovascular system, which is essential for maintaining an active and energetic life.

Training for a marathon is an excellent way to manage weight and boost metabolism. Long-distance running burns a high number of calories, helping to shed excess fat and maintain a healthy body weight. Additionally, regular training increases the body’s metabolic rate, meaning you continue to burn calories even at rest.

Running also promotes better muscle tone and increases lean body mass, which further contributes to a healthier metabolism. Unlike crash diets or quick fixes, marathon training provides a sustainable way to maintain a healthy weight while building a stronger and fitter physique.

Stronger Bones and Joints

Contrary to the misconception that running can harm joints, moderate training—when done correctly—actually strengthens bones and joints. The repetitive impact of running stimulates bone remodeling, increasing bone density and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. This is particularly beneficial as people age, as it helps maintain bone health and prevents fractures.

However, proper preparation is essential to avoid injuries. Gradual mileage increases, appropriate footwear, and cross-training exercises are key to ensuring that the joints are protected while reaping the benefits of marathon training. At RS Abdi Waluyo, the orthopedic specialists provide comprehensive guidance and support for runners, from injury prevention to treatment, ensuring that athletes stay on track toward their goals.

Mental Resilience and Reduced Stress

Training for a marathon is not just a physical challenge; it is also a mental one. The discipline and dedication required to follow a training plan build mental resilience and self-confidence. Setting and achieving goals along the way, such as completing a long training run or reaching a new pace, boosts self-esteem and fosters a sense of accomplishment.

Running is also a natural stress reliever. It triggers the release of endorphins, the body’s feel-good hormones, which help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. The rhythmic motion of running can serve as a form of meditation, allowing runners to clear their minds and focus on the present moment. Over time, marathon training cultivates a positive mindset and a greater sense of emotional well-being.

Better Sleep and Energy Levels

Marathon training promotes better sleep quality by regulating the body’s internal clock and reducing stress levels. Regular exercise helps the body release energy more effectively during the day, leading to a deeper and more restful sleep at night. Many runners report feeling more refreshed and energized after starting a consistent training routine.

This improved energy extends beyond running. The cardiovascular and metabolic benefits of marathon training ensure that the body operates more efficiently, making daily tasks feel easier and less taxing. With higher energy levels, runners often find themselves more productive and focused throughout the day.

Boosted Immune System

Marathon training can strengthen the immune system, making the body more resilient to illnesses. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves the circulation of immune cells, enhancing the body’s ability to detect and fight infections. While overtraining can have the opposite effect, a well-balanced training program helps runners maintain a strong immune response.

This boost in immunity is especially beneficial during colder months, when seasonal illnesses like colds and flu are more common. Runners who train consistently are less likely to fall sick and recover more quickly when they do.

Social Connections and Community

Marathon training often brings people together, whether through group runs, training programs, or events. The sense of community among runners creates strong social bonds, fostering friendships and support systems. Sharing experiences with others who have similar goals can be motivating and uplifting, making the training process more enjoyable.

Many runners find that the camaraderie of marathon training is one of its most rewarding aspects. From cheering each other on during training runs to celebrating achievements at the finish line, the shared journey strengthens connections and creates lasting memories.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, the cardiovascular and orthopedic specialists are committed to supporting runners at every stage of their marathon journey. Whether you are a seasoned marathoner or a first-timer, the hospital provides tailored care to optimize performance and prevent injuries. The cardiovascular team offers advanced diagnostic services to assess heart health and ensure that patients are prepared for the demands of marathon training. The orthopedic team focuses on injury prevention and management, offering personalized treatment plans for runners dealing with joint or muscle issues. From detailed gait analysis to physical therapy, the hospital’s multidisciplinary approach ensures comprehensive care for every runner.

Resources

1. Wirnitzer K, Boldt P, Wirnitzer G, et al. Health status of recreational runners over 10-km up to ultra-marathon distance based on data of the NURMI Study Step 2. Sci Rep 2022;12:10295.
2. Training for Your First Marathon Can Help Reverse the Aging of Your Blood Vessels, Research Says [Homepage on the Internet]. Run. World. 2020 [cited 2025 Jan 21];Available from: https://www.runnersworld.com/news/a27335729/marathon-training-reduces-blood-vessel-aging/
3. Drysdale IP, Collins AL, Walters NJ, Bird D, Hinkley HJ. Potential benefits of marathon training on bone health as assessed by calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation. J Clin Densitom Off J Int Soc Clin Densitom 2007;10(2):179–183.

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Understanding Cancer and Its Global Impact

Cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the body grow uncontrollably, often forming tumors that can spread to other parts of the body. There are many types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia. Each type affects the body differently, but all cancers share the common characteristic of uncontrolled cell growth.

The global burden of cancer is increasing, with the World Health Organization estimating that nearly ten million people die from cancer every year. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, and exposure to harmful substances contribute to cancer risk. However, genetics and environmental factors also play a crucial role. The fight against cancer requires a combination of prevention, early detection, and advanced treatment methods.

The Importance of Early Detection

One of the most effective ways to combat cancer is through early detection. Many cancers can be successfully treated if diagnosed at an early stage, before they have spread to other parts of the body. Screening programs such as mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies for colorectal cancer, and Pap smears for cervical cancer have significantly improved survival rates by detecting cancer in its earliest stages.

Symptoms of cancer vary depending on the type and location, but common warning signs include unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, lumps or swelling, unusual bleeding, and persistent pain. Recognizing these symptoms and seeking medical advice early can make a crucial difference in treatment success. Regular health check-ups, even for those without symptoms, are important for early detection and prevention.

Regular screenings help detect cancer before symptoms develop. Below are general recommendations based on age and risk factors:

• Breast Cancer: Women should start regular mammograms at the age of 40-45, depending on individual risk factors. Those with a family history of breast cancer should consider earlier screenings. Monthly self-breast exams can also help detect any unusual lumps.
• Cervical Cancer: Women should begin Pap smears and HPV tests at age 21, repeated every three to five years, depending on results. The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing cervical cancer and is recommended for both young women and men before becoming sexually active, ideally between the ages of 9-26.
• Prostate Cancer: Men should have a PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test starting at age 45 if they have risk factors such as a family history of prostate cancer. Otherwise, screening should begin at age 50.
• Colorectal Cancer: People aged 50 and above should have a colonoscopy or stool-based tests to check for abnormal growths. Those with persistent changes in bowel habits or unexplained weight loss should seek medical advice earlier.
• Lung Cancer: Current and former smokers aged 50-80 should undergo low-dose CT scans to check for lung cancer, especially if they have a history of heavy smoking.
• Skin Cancer: Individuals should regularly check their skin for unusual moles or changes in skin appearance and consult a dermatologist for mole mapping if they have a history of excessive sun exposure.
• Liver Cancer: Individuals with chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or a history of excessive alcohol consumption should have liver function tests and ultrasound screenings starting in their 40s.

Screening guidelines may vary based on individual health history and genetic risk factors, so it is essential to consult a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

The Role of HPV Vaccination in Cancer Prevention

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the leading causes of cervical cancer, as well as some throat, anal, and genital cancers. The HPV vaccine has been proven highly effective in preventing infections that can lead to these cancers. It is recommended for both boys and girls, ideally between the ages of 9 and 26, before they become sexually active.

The vaccine provides long-term protection against high-risk HPV strains responsible for most cervical cancer cases. Research has shown that countries with widespread HPV vaccination programs have significantly lower rates of cervical cancer. In addition to vaccination, women should continue regular Pap smears to detect any abnormal cell changes early. By promoting HPV vaccination and regular screenings, cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers can be significantly reduced, offering hope for future generations.

Advancements in Cancer Treatment

Over the years, medical research has led to remarkable advancements in cancer treatment. Traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy remain essential, but newer approaches have revolutionized cancer care.

Immunotherapy is one of the most promising developments in cancer treatment. It works by strengthening the body’s own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. This method has been particularly effective in treating certain types of lung cancer, melanoma, and blood cancers.

Targeted therapy is another breakthrough that focuses on specific molecules involved in cancer growth. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which affects both healthy and cancerous cells, targeted therapy aims to block cancer cell growth while minimizing damage to normal cells. This results in fewer side effects and improved outcomes for patients.

Precision medicine is a personalized approach to treatment, where doctors analyze the genetic profile of a patient’s cancer to determine the most effective treatment. This strategy has improved survival rates and reduced unnecessary treatments by tailoring therapy to an individual’s specific cancer type.

The Role of Lifestyle in Cancer Prevention

While medical advancements continue to improve treatment outcomes, prevention remains the most effective way to reduce cancer cases. Research shows that more than 40 percent of all cancer cases can be prevented by making healthier lifestyle choices.

Smoking cessation is one of the most significant ways to lower cancer risk. Tobacco use is responsible for approximately 22 percent of cancer deaths worldwide, particularly in lung cancer. Quitting smoking reduces the risk of developing cancer and improves overall health.

A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins supports the immune system and reduces inflammation, which can contribute to cancer development. Limiting processed foods, excessive sugar, and red meat consumption has also been linked to lower cancer risk.

Regular physical activity is another key factor in cancer prevention. Exercise helps maintain a healthy weight, reduces inflammation, and regulates hormones that may influence cancer growth. Studies show that individuals who engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week have a lower risk of developing cancers such as breast, colon, and prostate cancer.

Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption is also important, as alcohol has been linked to cancers of the liver, breast, and digestive tract. Reducing alcohol intake or eliminating it altogether lowers the risk of developing these cancers.

Protection from harmful sun exposure plays a critical role in preventing skin cancer. Wearing sunscreen, seeking shade, and avoiding prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays help reduce the risk of melanoma and other skin cancers.

Supporting Cancer Patients and Survivors

A cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming, affecting not only the patient but also their loved ones. Emotional and psychological support is essential in helping patients navigate their journey. Many cancer survivors emphasize the importance of a strong support system, including family, friends, and healthcare professionals.

Cancer support groups provide a space for patients to share experiences, receive encouragement, and access resources. Many organizations also offer counseling and mental health services to help patients cope with the emotional challenges of cancer treatment.

Healthcare providers play a crucial role in guiding patients through their treatment options and ensuring they receive the best care possible. RS Abdi Waluyo provides cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and precision medicine. The hospital also prioritizes early detection through advanced screening programs, helping patients receive timely interventions that improve survival rates.

Resources

1. Loud J, Murphy J. Cancer screening and early detection in the 21st century. Semin Oncol Nurs 2017;33(2):121–128.
2. Liu B, Zhou H, Tan L, Siu KTH, Guan X-Y. Exploring treatment options in cancer: tumor treatment strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024;9(1):1–44.
3. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209–249

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Rezum Vapor Therapy uses the natural power of water vapor to treat the root cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia. This innovative procedure involves injecting steam into the prostate tissue through a small device. The steam releases thermal energy, which disrupts the cells in the overgrown prostate tissue, causing them to shrink over time. As the excess tissue diminishes, the urinary tract becomes less obstructed, and symptoms improve significantly.

Figure 1. Rezum Vapor Therapy

One of the most remarkable aspects of Rezum therapy is its simplicity and efficiency. There is no need for major surgery or prolonged recovery periods. For men who are reluctant to undergo invasive treatments or deal with the side effects of long-term medication use, Rezum offers a middle ground—a safe and effective way to address prostate enlargement without disrupting their lives.

Benefits of Rezum Vapor Therapy

Rezum therapy is rapidly gaining popularity because of its numerous benefits. One of the key advantages is its ability to preserve normal prostate function. Unlike some surgical procedures that can lead to complications such as incontinence or sexual dysfunction, Rezum focuses on targeted treatment, sparing the surrounding tissues. This precision reduces the risk of unwanted side effects, making it a preferred option for many men.

One of the most significant advantages of Rezum Vapor Therapy over traditional prostate surgeries is its ability to avoid some of the most feared side effects, such as retrograde ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Retrograde ejaculation, where semen flows backward into the bladder instead of exiting through the urethra during ejaculation, is a common complication of conventional prostate surgeries like transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). This side effect can be distressing for many men, particularly those who value preserving their sexual function.

Rezum stands out because it targets only the overgrown tissue causing urinary obstruction, sparing the delicate structures responsible for normal ejaculation. This precision helps maintain a man’s natural ejaculation and erectile function. Unlike traditional surgeries, which may disrupt the nerves and muscles essential for sexual health, Rezum minimizes damage to surrounding tissue. For men concerned about their quality of life after prostate treatment, this is a compelling benefit of Rezum therapy.

While Rezum offers numerous advantages, patients should be aware that there are some downsides to consider. One of the most common post-procedure requirements is the temporary use of a catheter. After the procedure, the prostate tissue begins to swell slightly before it shrinks. This swelling can obstruct the flow of urine, necessitating a catheter for a few days to a week in most patients. While the idea of using a catheter may be uncomfortable for some, it is a temporary measure to ensure proper bladder drainage as the prostate heals. Patients are usually given clear instructions and support from their medical team to manage this phase smoothly.

Clinical Evidence Supporting Rezum Therapy

Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of Rezum vapor therapy. Research shows that most patients experience a 50 percent or greater improvement in their symptoms after the procedure. These results are not just short-term; follow-up studies have confirmed sustained benefits for up to five years and beyond.

The simplicity of the procedure also contributes to its success. Since there is no need for general anesthesia, the risks associated with the treatment are significantly reduced. For patients with pre-existing health conditions that make surgery or medication a challenge, Rezum provides a safer alternative with a lower risk profile.

When to Consider Rezum Therapy?

Rezum therapy is an excellent choice for men who have mild to moderate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. It is particularly effective for those whose prostate enlargement has not yet reached a stage requiring more aggressive intervention. Men who have not found sufficient relief from medications or wish to avoid the side effects associated with pharmaceutical treatments are ideal candidates for this innovative therapy.

Additionally, Rezum is a viable option for men who may not be suitable for traditional surgeries due to health concerns or personal preferences. The quick recovery time and low risk of complications make it an attractive alternative to other treatment methods. Rezum Vapor Therapy is most effective within a specific prostate volume range. Clinical evidence suggests that it works best for men whose prostate volume falls between 30 and 80 milliliters. For patients with very large prostates—typically exceeding 120 milliliters—Rezum may not provide optimal results. In such cases, alternative treatments or surgeries might be more appropriate.

It is essential for patients to undergo proper evaluations to determine whether their prostate size is within the ideal range for Rezum therapy. Diagnostic imaging and consultation with a skilled urologist can help guide patients toward the most effective treatment options.

What to Do Before Undergoing Rezum

Before proceeding with Rezum Vapor Therapy, patients should prepare by completing a series of diagnostic tests and evaluations. These preliminary steps are critical to ensure the treatment is suitable and safe for their specific condition.

• Blood Work and PSA Levels:
  • Doctors typically request a blood test to measure the patient’s prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Elevated PSA can indicate prostate issues such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or, in some cases, prostate cancer. Evaluating PSA levels helps ensure that Rezum therapy is the right choice.
• Diagnostic Imaging:
  • An ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the prostate is often performed to assess the size, shape, and condition of the prostate gland. These images allow the urologist to determine if the patient’s prostate volume falls within the ideal range for Rezum.
• Medical History and Symptom Assessment:
  • A thorough review of the patient’s medical history and current symptoms is also part of the preparation. This includes discussing any urinary issues, medications, and prior treatments that could impact the procedure’s success.
• Patient Counseling:
  • Patients will also receive detailed instructions about what to expect during and after the procedure. Understanding the temporary need for a catheter, the recovery timeline, and potential outcomes ensures patients are fully informed and confident about their decision.

RS Abdi Waluyo is proud to offer Rezum Vapor Therapy as part of its commitment to providing cutting-edge, patient-centered care. The hospital’s experienced urologists have undergone specialized training to perform this innovative procedure with precision and care, ensuring the best possible outcomes for their patients.RS The hospital’s urology specialists prioritize patient comfort and safety, ensuring that every procedure, including Rezum therapy, is performed with the highest standards of excellence.

Resources

1. REZUM: A gentle treatment of benign prostate enlargement (BPH) [Homepage on the Internet]. CUROS Urol. Zent. Köln. [cited 2025 Jan 16];Available from: https://curos-urologie.de/en/rezum-a-gentle-treatment-of-benign-prostate-enlargement-bph/
2. Haga K, Akagashi K, Tobe M, et al. One hundred cases of Rezum water vapor thermal therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: Real-world data at a single institution in Japan. Int J Urol Off J Jpn Urol Assoc 2024;31(12):1337–1342.
3. Winkler T, Klot CAJ von, Madersbacher S, Kuczyk MA, Wolters M. Rezum water vapor thermal therapy for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms: A retrospective single-centre analysis from a German high-volume centre. PloS One 2023;18(1):e0279883.

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HIFU technology works by using focused ultrasound waves to generate heat that targets and destroys abnormal tissues without affecting the surrounding healthy areas. Originally developed for treating tumors, HIFU is now being explored for other applications, including the treatment of gynecological conditions like endometriosis. The precision of the technology ensures that it can treat problematic areas effectively, reducing symptoms while preserving healthy reproductive organs. This characteristic makes it an attractive option for women who wish to conceive in the future.

Traditionally, the treatment of endometriosis has involved a combination of hormonal therapy and surgery. While these approaches can be effective in managing symptoms, they are not without drawbacks. Hormonal treatments often suppress ovulation, which can delay plans for pregnancy. Surgical interventions, on the other hand, carry risks of scarring and damage to reproductive tissues. These limitations have driven the search for alternative therapies that address the condition while preserving or even enhancing fertility.

HIFU offers a unique advantage in this regard. The procedure does not require incisions, making it minimally invasive and reducing the risk of complications like infection or excessive scarring. By targeting endometriosis lesions with precision, HIFU can alleviate pain and improve the chances of a successful pregnancy without the extended recovery times associated with traditional surgeries. Women undergoing HIFU often report shorter downtimes and fewer side effects compared to conventional treatments.

Another compelling aspect of HIFU technology is its ability to address adenomyosis, a condition that often coexists with endometriosis. Adenomyosis involves the growth of endometrial tissue into the muscular walls of the uterus, leading to heavy menstrual bleeding and severe cramps. This condition can also contribute to fertility challenges. With HIFU, physicians can precisely target adenomyotic tissue, offering relief from symptoms while maintaining the structural integrity of the uterus. This dual benefit makes HIFU a versatile option for many women.

In addition to its effectiveness, HIFU is gaining recognition for its convenience. The procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis, meaning patients can return home the same day. There is no need for general anesthesia in most cases, which further reduces risks and enhances patient comfort. For women balancing busy lives, this aspect of HIFU is particularly appealing, as it minimizes disruption to their daily routines.

Recent studies have shown promising results regarding the impact of HIFU on fertility. Many women who undergo the procedure report improved menstrual cycles and reduced pelvic pain, both of which are important factors for conception. Furthermore, HIFU’s ability to preserve ovarian and uterine function makes it a promising option for women who wish to conceive naturally. For those considering assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF), the improvement in uterine health following HIFU can increase the chances of success.

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a non-invasive therapeutic approach for treating uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, and other conditions while preserving fertility. In China, a pioneer country in HIFU technology, studies show that HIFU treatments have a success rate of approximately 85–95% in significantly reducing fibroid size and alleviating symptoms, leading to improved fertility outcomes. According to clinical trials, about 70–80% of women treated with HIFU for uterine fibroids successfully conceive within two years post-treatment. The minimally invasive nature of HIFU helps in avoiding the scarring and adhesions commonly associated with surgical options like myomectomy, which can complicate fertility.

The timeline for conception after undergoing HIFU varies depending on individual health, the severity of the condition treated, and the recovery rate. Most experts recommend waiting at least 3–6 months after HIFU treatment to allow the body to heal and for fibroid tissue to naturally resolve or shrink. This period ensures the uterine environment is optimized for implantation and reduces the risk of complications during pregnancy. In China, follow-up data from fertility clinics suggest that women who undergo HIFU for fertility preservation often achieve conception within 6–12 months after completing the recommended recovery period, aligning with international data on post-HIFU reproductive health.

RS Abdi Waluyo offers HIFU technology, combined with a patient-centered approach. The experienced medical team at RS Abdi Waluyo is committed to helping women achieve their health and fertility goals through personalized care plans. Our specialists are highly trained in the latest medical technologies, including HIFU, ensuring that patients receive the best possible outcomes. With a reputation for innovation and compassionate care, RS Abdi Waluyo is a trusted partner for women navigating the challenges of endometriosis.

Resources

1. Zhang X, Duan H. Effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation on endometriosis of the abdominal wall. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018;11(4):2118–2124.
2. Ali MM, Awad Elderiny H, Shaaban Abdelgalil M, Mohamed Othman A. Is high-intensity focused ultrasound a magical solution to endometriosis? A systematic review. Proc Bayl Univ Med Cent 37(4):625–637.
3. Knorren ER, Ridder LA de, Nijholt IM, et al. Effectiveness and complication rates of high intensity focused ultrasound treatment for abdominal wall endometriosis: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024;297:15–23.

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Pancreatic cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the pancreas grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. The most common type, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, begins in the ducts that carry digestive enzymes. Less common forms include tumors in the hormone-producing cells. Because the pancreas is located deep within the abdomen, any abnormalities are often difficult to detect without advanced diagnostic tools.

1. Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden and significant weight loss without any changes in diet or physical activity is a common early sign. It may occur because the pancreas is not producing enough enzymes to properly digest food, leading to poor nutrient absorption.
2. Jaundice: A yellowing of the skin and eyes, known as jaundice, can occur when a tumor blocks the bile duct. This blockage causes bile to build up in the liver, resulting in high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
3. Abdominal or Back Pain: Persistent pain in the upper abdomen or middle back can be a symptom of pancreatic cancer. This pain may result from a tumor pressing on nearby nerves or organs.
4. Changes in Stool: Pale, greasy stools that float in the toilet can indicate that the pancreas is not producing enough enzymes to digest fat. This symptom is often overlooked but can be an early sign of pancreatic issues.
5. Loss of Appetite: A reduced desire to eat, combined with feelings of fullness after eating small amounts, is another potential sign.
6. Fatigue: Extreme tiredness that does not improve with rest can be a symptom of pancreatic cancer or other serious health conditions.
7. Diabetes Onset or Worsening: Pancreatic cancer can interfere with the pancreas’s ability to regulate blood sugar, leading to the sudden onset of diabetes or difficulty managing existing diabetes.

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer. Smoking is one of the leading risk factors, as it introduces harmful chemicals into the body that can damage pancreatic cells. Age also plays a role, with most cases occurring in individuals over 60 years old. Family history is another significant factor; those with relatives who have had pancreatic cancer or genetic mutations such as BRCA are at higher risk.

Obesity and chronic pancreatitis are additional contributors. Obesity puts extra strain on the body’s organs, including the pancreas, while chronic inflammation from pancreatitis increases the chance of cellular abnormalities. Understanding these risks can help individuals take proactive steps to protect their health.

Because pancreatic cancer symptoms can mimic other conditions, diagnostic tests are essential for confirming the presence of the disease. These tests may include:

• Imaging Studies: Techniques like CT scans, MRI, or endoscopic ultrasound can provide detailed images of the pancreas.
• Blood Tests: Specific markers like CA 19-9 can indicate the presence of pancreatic cancer, though they are not definitive.
• Biopsy: A tissue sample obtained through a fine needle or surgical procedure can confirm the diagnosis.
• ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): This procedure allows doctors to examine the pancreatic and bile ducts for blockages or abnormalities.

Early diagnosis is crucial, and advances in medical imaging and biomarkers are helping doctors identify pancreatic cancer at earlier stages than ever before.

Treatment for pancreatic cancer varies depending on its stage and location, as well as the patient’s overall health. Surgery may be an option for early-stage cancer, with procedures like the Whipple operation designed to remove tumors while preserving as much pancreatic function as possible. For more advanced cases, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are often used to shrink tumors and control their spread.

Newer treatments, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies, focus on enhancing the body’s immune response or targeting specific genetic mutations in cancer cells. Palliative care is also an important aspect of treatment, addressing symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with advanced disease.

While not all cases of pancreatic cancer can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can reduce risk. Quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and staying physically active are essential for overall health and may help lower the likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer. Regular check-ups and discussions with a healthcare provider about personal and family medical history can also identify risks early, leading to timely screenings or preventive measures.

To establish a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) is a highly advanced and effective diagnostic tool that combines the precision of ultrasound imaging with the reach of an endoscope. This innovative technology involves inserting a thin, flexible tube equipped with an ultrasound probe through the mouth and into the stomach or upper intestine. EUS provides high-resolution images of the pancreas, allowing doctors to identify tumors or abnormalities with unparalleled accuracy. What sets EUS apart is its ability to perform real-time biopsies through the gastric or intestinal wall, enabling the collection of tissue samples for laboratory analysis. This dual functionality makes EUS a vital tool for diagnosing pancreatic cancer early and with precision, while also minimizing the need for more invasive procedures.

RS Abdi Waluyo is dedicated to providing comprehensive care for pancreatic cancer and other complex conditions. Our team of internal medicine specialists works closely with oncologists, radiologists, and surgeons to deliver personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s needs.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, we are proud to offer EUS as part of our comprehensive diagnostic services. Our state-of-the-art equipment and experienced specialists ensure accurate results and timely diagnoses, empowering patients to begin their treatment journey as soon as possible. Our multidisciplinary approach ensures that patients receive the most effective care possible.

Resources

1. McGuigan A, Kelly P, Turkington RC, Jones C, Coleman HG, McCain RS. Pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes. World J Gastroenterol 2018;24(43):4846–4861.
2. Puckett Y, Garfield K. Pancreatic Cancer [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2024 [cited 2024 Dec 14]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518996/
3. Pancreatic cancer – Symptoms and causes [Homepage on the Internet]. Mayo Clin. [cited 2024 Dec 14];Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pancreatic-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20355421

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The Physical Risks of Lifting Heavy Luggage

Lifting heavy luggage improperly places undue stress on your back, shoulders, and arms. Your spine is designed to support your body during everyday movements, but adding the weight of a large suitcase, especially while twisting or reaching overhead, can lead to acute injuries. Common problems include muscle strains, herniated discs, and lower back pain. These injuries are often caused by incorrect lifting techniques, such as bending at the waist instead of the knees or lifting with your arms instead of your legs.

Your shoulders and wrists are also vulnerable during these actions. When you lift a bag over your head to place it into an overhead bin, the weight can pull your shoulder joint into an unnatural position, leading to strains or even rotator cuff injuries. Similarly, gripping and pulling heavy luggage can strain the tendons in your wrists, causing pain or inflammation.

Why Lifting Overhead is Especially Risky

Reaching overhead to lift a heavy suitcase into the airplane’s cabin storage is particularly hazardous. This motion requires both strength and balance, as your arms and shoulders bear the brunt of the weight while you are in an extended position. For most people, this is not a natural or frequently practiced movement, making the risk of injury even higher.

Another factor to consider is the awkward posture required to lift bags into overhead compartments. Airplane cabins are often cramped, limiting your ability to position yourself correctly for a safe lift. This restricted space can force you to lift at awkward angles, further increasing the risk of back and shoulder injuries.

If you need to lift heavy luggage, using the right techniques can significantly reduce your risk of injury. When lifting from the ground, always bend at your knees, not your waist. Keep the luggage close to your body and use your leg muscles to lift, as they are much stronger than your back muscles. Avoid twisting your torso while lifting, as this can strain your spine.

When lifting luggage into an overhead bin, try to position yourself directly in front of the compartment. Hold the bag with both hands, and lift it in stages if necessary—first to shoulder height, and then into the bin. If you are unsure of your ability to lift the bag safely, do not hesitate to ask a flight attendant or fellow passenger for assistance. It is better to seek help than to risk an injury that could ruin your trip.

Consider Packing Light

One of the easiest ways to avoid the risks associated with heavy luggage is to pack light. Before your trip, plan your wardrobe carefully and choose versatile clothing items that can be worn multiple times in different combinations. Opt for travel-size toiletries instead of full-sized bottles to save weight and space. If your luggage is consistently heavy, consider investing in lightweight luggage made from modern materials designed to minimize weight.

For longer trips or those requiring more items, you might consider distributing the weight between multiple smaller bags rather than packing everything into one large suitcase. Using a backpack or a rolling carry-on can also help reduce the strain on your body during travel.

Alternatives to Lifting Heavy Bags

In addition to packing light, there are practical alternatives to minimize the need for lifting heavy luggage. Many airports and train stations provide baggage carts that allow you to transport your bags without carrying them manually. Some airlines also offer baggage assistance services, where staff members can help you check in and transport your bags.

If you frequently travel with heavy luggage, investing in a suitcase with wheels and a sturdy telescoping handle is highly beneficial. These modern designs allow you to roll your luggage instead of lifting it, reducing the risk of injury. However, even with rolling luggage, be mindful of how you lift it onto conveyor belts or into storage spaces.

What to Do if You Experience an Injury

Despite your best efforts, accidents can happen. If you feel sudden pain while lifting luggage, stop immediately and avoid further strain. Minor muscle strains can often be managed with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (commonly known as the R.I.C.E. method). Over-the-counter pain relievers may also help alleviate discomfort.

For temporary relief of sore muscles or minor strains, applying a hot ointment or patch, such as those containing methyl salicylate or capsaicin, can be beneficial. These products, like Salompas, help relax muscles and improve circulation in the affected area, providing soothing relief from pain.

If you experience sharp or persistent pain in your back, shoulders, or wrists, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to preventing long-term complications. A healthcare professional may recommend physical therapy or other non-invasive treatments to support recovery.

Stay Healthy While Traveling

Traveling does not have to come at the expense of your physical health. By understanding the risks of lifting heavy luggage and adopting safer practices, you can protect your body from unnecessary strain. Simple measures, such as packing light, using proper lifting techniques, and asking for help when needed, can go a long way in preventing injuries.

Whether you are traveling for business or leisure, prioritize your well-being by being mindful of how you handle your luggage. Taking proactive steps now can save you from discomfort and ensure a smoother, more enjoyable journey.

Resources

1. Tips for Lifting and Carrying Luggage – Prevent Injury – OrthoInfo – AAOS [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2024 Dec 18];Available from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/tips-for-lifting-and-carrying-luggage/
2. Avoid holiday back and shoulder injuries with these luggage safety tips [Homepage on the Internet]. Total Orthop. Sports Spine. [cited 2024 Dec 18];Available from: https://www.totalorthoss.com/blog/2021/december/avoid-holiday-back-and-shoulder-injuries-with-th/
3. Hunter D. How to avoid injuries when lifting luggage [Homepage on the Internet]. SimpliMove. 2023 [cited 2024 Dec 18];Available from: https://simplimove.health/move-better-live-better/injury-pain-management/how-to-avoid-a-lifting-injury-when-handling-luggage/

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Your eyes are among the most vital organs in your body, allowing you to experience the world through sight. Maintaining healthy vision requires proactive care and attention, especially as modern lifestyles expose our eyes to more strain than ever before. From hours spent staring at digital screens to exposure to environmental pollutants, your eyes endure significant challenges daily. Taking simple steps to protect your vision can prevent problems and ensure your eyes stay healthy for years to come.

Figure 1. Eye care

The eyes are complex organs that work together with the brain to process visual information. They are constantly exposed to light, air, and particles that can strain or damage their delicate structures. Conditions like dry eyes, eye strain, or blurred vision can develop gradually and may go unnoticed until they worsen.

Regular eye care not only helps maintain clear vision but also detects early signs of more serious eye conditions, such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. These issues can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly. By incorporating healthy habits into your routine and seeking professional care when needed, you can safeguard your eyesight.

Tips for Maintaining Healthy Vision

1. Eat a Balanced Diet

Nutrition plays a crucial role in eye health. Foods rich in vitamins A, C, and E, as well as omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and lutein, can support eye function and reduce the risk of age-related vision problems. Carrots, leafy greens, citrus fruits, fish like salmon, and nuts are excellent choices for promoting eye health. Antioxidants in these foods help protect the eyes from harmful free radicals that can cause damage over time.

1. Stay Hydrated

Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining the moisture levels of your eyes. Dry eyes can cause discomfort, irritation, and blurred vision. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day ensures that your eyes remain properly lubricated.

1. Limit Screen Time

In today’s digital age, prolonged screen exposure is a common cause of eye strain, also known as digital eye strain or computer vision syndrome. Following the 20-20-20 rule can help alleviate discomfort: every 20 minutes, look away from your screen and focus on an object 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. Adjusting your screen’s brightness, reducing glare, and positioning it at eye level can also reduce strain.

1. Protect Your Eyes from UV Rays

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can harm your eyes, increasing the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration. Always wear sunglasses with UV protection when outdoors, even on cloudy days. Wide-brimmed hats can provide additional shade and protection.

1. Practice Proper Contact Lens Hygiene

For those who wear contact lenses, maintaining hygiene is critical to avoid eye infections. Always wash your hands before handling your lenses, follow the recommended cleaning routine, and never sleep with your contacts in unless specifically approved by your eye doctor.

1. Rest Your Eyes

Adequate rest is vital for overall health, including your vision. Sleep allows your eyes to repair and recover from daily strain. Ensure you get 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night to keep your eyes refreshed and healthy.

1. Avoid Smoking

Smoking increases the risk of several eye conditions, including cataracts, macular degeneration, and damage to the optic nerve. Quitting smoking not only benefits your eyes but also improves your overall health.

1. Stay Active

Regular exercise can improve blood circulation, ensuring that your eyes receive adequate oxygen and nutrients. Physical activity also reduces the risk of conditions like diabetes, which can lead to complications such as diabetic retinopathy.

1. Keep Your Hands Off Your Eyes

Touching your eyes frequently can transfer germs and irritants, leading to infections or allergic reactions. Wash your hands regularly and avoid rubbing your eyes, especially if they feel itchy or irritated.

1. Schedule Regular Eye Exams

Regular visits to an eye specialist are essential for maintaining healthy vision. Eye exams can detect early signs of vision problems or underlying health conditions that may not yet show symptoms.

Common Eye Problems and How to Address Them

• Dry Eyes: This condition occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly. Using artificial tears or a humidifier can help, but persistent dry eyes may require medical evaluation.
• Blurred Vision: This can result from refractive errors, like nearsightedness or farsightedness, or more serious issues like cataracts. Corrective lenses or surgical options may be recommended.
• Eye Strain: Often caused by prolonged screen use, this can be relieved by taking breaks, adjusting lighting, and using anti-glare screens.
• Redness or Irritation: Allergies, infections, or dryness can cause these symptoms. Identifying and addressing the underlying cause is key to relief.

RS Abdi Waluyo understands the importance of comprehensive eye care in preserving your vision and quality of life. Our ophthalmology specialists offer advanced diagnostic and treatment services for a wide range of eye conditions. Whether you need a routine eye exam or specialized care for complex issues, our experienced team is dedicated to delivering personalized solutions tailored to your needs.

Resources

1. Eye care team [Homepage on the Internet]. HEIW. 2021 [cited 2024 Dec 14];Available from: https://heiw.nhs.wales/careers/nhs-wales-careers/roles/eye-care-team/
2. Walsh A, Lewis K. EMS Management of Eye Injuries. StatPearls [homepage on the Internet] 2023 [cited 2024 Dec 14];Available from: https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/133075
3. Community Eye Health Journal [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2024 Dec 14];Available from: https://www.cehjournal.org/

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In recent years, the world has faced multiple respiratory illnesses, each with its own characteristics and impacts. Among them, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, have gained widespread attention. While both can cause respiratory symptoms, they are distinct in their origins, transmission, and clinical outcomes. Understanding these differences is essential for managing symptoms and preventing complications.

HMPV was first identified in 2001, though it has likely been circulating for over 60 years. It belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, closely related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). HMPV primarily affects the respiratory tract, causing upper and lower respiratory infections. On the other hand, COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 as a novel coronavirus belonging to the Coronaviridae family. Unlike HMPV, which has a long history of relatively stable behavior, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly spread globally, causing a pandemic with significant social and economic impacts.

Transmission and Contagion

Both HMPV and COVID-19 are transmitted through respiratory droplets, close contact, and contaminated surfaces. However, SARS-CoV-2 has a higher transmission rate, partly due to its ability to spread via small aerosols, which can remain suspended in the air for extended periods. HMPV transmission primarily occurs through larger droplets and direct contact, making close proximity the main mode of spread.

COVID-19 is also notable for its potential to spread from asymptomatic individuals, which has contributed to its rapid global spread. HMPV, while highly contagious, is less likely to spread from individuals without symptoms. Maintaining hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, mask-wearing, and physical distancing, is effective in preventing both infections.

Symptoms of HMPV and COVID-19

The symptoms of HMPV and COVID-19 often overlap, making it challenging to distinguish between the two based on clinical presentation alone. Both can cause:

• Fever
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Nasal congestion or runny nose

However, COVID-19 has some unique symptoms that are less commonly associated with HMPV, such as loss of taste or smell, muscle aches, and gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea and nausea. HMPV infections are typically milder in healthy individuals, often resembling a common cold, though it can lead to severe respiratory conditions such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis in young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals.

COVID-19, by contrast, has a broader spectrum of disease severity, ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to life-threatening complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), blood clots, and multi-organ failure.

Severity and Risk Groups

HMPV primarily affects young children, with most cases occurring in those under five years of age. It is also a significant cause of respiratory illness in older adults and people with weakened immune systems. While severe cases can require hospitalization, the overall mortality rate for HMPV is low.

COVID-19 poses a more significant threat across all age groups, especially among older adults, individuals with pre-existing health conditions like diabetes and heart disease, and those who are immunocompromised. Unlike HMPV, COVID-19 has caused widespread fatalities and has led to long-term health complications in some patients, known as long COVID.

Diagnosis of HMPV and COVID-19

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of both HMPV and COVID-19. HMPV is typically diagnosed using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, which detect viral RNA in respiratory specimens. This method is highly sensitive and can distinguish HMPV from other respiratory viruses like RSV or influenza.

COVID-19 diagnosis also relies on RT-PCR testing, but rapid antigen tests are widely used for quicker results. Chest imaging, such as X-rays or CT scans, may be employed in severe cases of both diseases to assess lung involvement. However, these imaging techniques cannot specifically differentiate between HMPV and COVID-19.

Treatment and Management

Currently, there are no specific antiviral treatments for HMPV. Management focuses on relieving symptoms through supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and congestion. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or hospitalization may be required.

For COVID-19, treatment options have evolved significantly since the start of the pandemic. Antiviral medications like remdesivir, monoclonal antibody therapies, and corticosteroids such as dexamethasone are used for moderate to severe cases. Supportive care, including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation, is crucial for patients with severe respiratory distress. Vaccines have also played a pivotal role in reducing the severity of COVID-19 and preventing hospitalizations.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing HMPV and COVID-19 requires similar hygiene measures. These include:

• Regular handwashing with soap and water
• Using hand sanitizers with at least 60 percent alcohol when soap is unavailable
• Wearing masks in crowded or indoor settings
• Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
• Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces

Vaccination is a critical preventive measure for COVID-19, with multiple vaccines available globally. Although there is currently no vaccine for HMPV, research is ongoing, and experimental vaccines are in development. Until a vaccine becomes available, adhering to general hygiene practices remains the best way to protect against HMPV.

Table 1. Summarize of the difference between COVID-19 and HMPV

If you or a loved one are experiencing respiratory symptoms, consulting a pulmonology specialist is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management. RS Abdi Waluyo provides comprehensive care for a wide range of respiratory conditions, including HMPV and COVID-19. Equipped with many diagnostic tools and advanced treatment options, our specialists tailor their approach to each patient’s unique needs. 

Resources

1. García-García ML, Pérez-Arenas E, Pérez-Hernandez P, et al. Human Metapneumovirus Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2023;29(4):850–852.
2. Jongbloed M, Leijte WT, Linssen CFM, Hoogen BG van den, Gorp ECM van, Kruif MD de. Clinical impact of human metapneumovirus infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infect Dis 2021;53(7):488–497.
3. Uddin S, Thomas M. Human Metapneumovirus [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [cited 2025 Jan 8]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560910/

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Healthy, radiant skin is something many people strive for, but achieving that natural glow can sometimes feel out of reach. Environmental factors, aging, stress, and lifestyle choices can all take a toll on your skin, leaving it dull, dehydrated, or uneven in texture. If you have tried countless skincare products with little success, skin boosters might be the solution you have been looking for.

Skin boosters are a revolutionary approach to rejuvenating and hydrating the skin from within. Unlike traditional skincare routines that focus on topical products, skin boosters deliver hydration and nutrients directly into the skin’s deeper layers. The result is smoother, firmer, and more luminous skin. Let us explore what skin boosters are, how they work, and why they are becoming a popular choice for achieving naturally glowing skin.

Skin boosters are injectable treatments designed to improve the overall quality and appearance of your skin. They typically contain hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring substance in the body that retains moisture and helps maintain skin elasticity. Hyaluronic acid in skin boosters is not used to fill lines or add volume, as in dermal fillers, but rather to deeply hydrate and rejuvenate the skin.

These treatments target areas where the skin may appear tired, dehydrated, or lackluster. Common treatment areas include the face, neck, décolletage, and hands, although they can be used on any area where the skin needs a boost.

Skin boosters are administered through a series of microinjections just beneath the skin’s surface. Once injected, the hyaluronic acid works to attract and retain moisture, replenishing hydration levels and improving skin texture. This process also stimulates the production of collagen and elastin, two essential proteins that keep the skin firm and youthful.

The treatment is minimally invasive and usually takes less than an hour. Many people describe the procedure as relatively painless, with some mild discomfort that fades quickly. Most patients can return to their daily activities immediately after treatment, making it a convenient option for those with busy schedules.

The appeal of skin boosters lies in their ability to address multiple skin concerns simultaneously. Here are some of the key benefits:

• Intense Hydration: Skin boosters provide deep hydration to the skin, helping to combat dryness and improve elasticity. This results in a smoother and plumper complexion.
• Improved Texture: By stimulating collagen production, skin boosters help reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven texture, leaving the skin feeling soft and supple.
• Natural Glow: Unlike makeup or topical products, skin boosters enhance your skin’s natural radiance from within, giving you a fresh and youthful look.
• Versatile Treatment Areas: Skin boosters are not limited to the face. They can also be used to rejuvenate the neck, décolletage, and hands, which are often the first areas to show signs of aging.
• Minimal Downtime: With a quick procedure and little to no recovery time, skin boosters are an excellent option for those seeking effective results without disrupting their daily routine.
• Long-Lasting Results: The effects of skin boosters can last several months, depending on individual factors and the treatment plan. Regular sessions can help maintain and enhance the results over time.

Skin boosters are suitable for a wide range of people, regardless of age or skin type. They are particularly beneficial for individuals who:

• Have dry or dehydrated skin that needs a hydration boost.
• Want to improve skin texture and smoothness.
• Are looking to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
• Wish to restore their skin’s natural glow without relying on makeup.
• Have noticed a loss of elasticity and firmness due to aging.
• Skin boosters are also an excellent preventive treatment for younger individuals who want to maintain their skin’s health and vitality as they age.

Before the procedure, your doctor will conduct a consultation to assess your skin and discuss your goals. The treatment area is then cleaned, and a topical numbing cream may be applied to minimize discomfort. Using a fine needle, the skin booster is injected into the target areas. The procedure is relatively quick, typically lasting 30 to 60 minutes.

After the treatment, you may experience mild redness, swelling, or small bumps at the injection sites, but these effects usually subside within a few hours to a couple of days. It is important to follow your doctor’s aftercare instructions, which may include avoiding direct sun exposure and strenuous activities for a short period.

While there are many treatments available for skin rejuvenation, skin boosters offer a unique combination of hydration, anti-aging, and texture improvement in one procedure. Unlike facials or topical serums that only address the surface of the skin, skin boosters work from within to create lasting results. They are also less invasive than more aggressive treatments like laser therapy or chemical peels, making them an ideal choice for individuals seeking a gentler approach.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, we prioritize your skin’s health and beauty with advanced treatments tailored to your needs. Our internal medicine specialists work closely with experienced practitioners to provide safe and effective skin booster treatments that deliver natural and glowing results.

Choosing RS Abdi Waluyo means trusting a team dedicated to excellence, comfort, and results. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and learn more about how skin boosters can transform your skin and boost your confidence.

Resources

1. Yi K-H, Winayanuwattikun W, Kim S-Y, et al. Skin boosters: Definitions and varied classifications. Skin Res Technol Off J Int Soc Bioeng Skin ISBS Int Soc Digit Imaging Skin ISDIS Int Soc Skin Imaging ISSI 2024;30(3):e13627.
2. Skin boosters – The upcoming boom in cosmetic dermatology for healthy skin – Cosmoderma [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2024 Dec 10];Available from: https://cosmoderma.org/skin-boosters-the-upcoming-boom-in-cosmetic-dermatology-for-healthy-skin/

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What is HMPV?

HMPV belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, a group of enveloped RNA viruses that includes other respiratory pathogens like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It is most closely related to avian metapneumovirus, although it does not infect birds. HMPV primarily targets the respiratory tract, where it can cause both upper and lower respiratory infections, ranging from mild colds to severe conditions like pneumonia and bronchiolitis.

HMPV is categorized into two major subgroups, A and B, with each subgroup further divided into clades. These subtypes circulate concurrently, but one may dominate during a specific season or outbreak. Despite minor genetic differences among subtypes, their clinical impact is generally similar, and there is no evidence that one type is more severe than another.

In late 2024, a significant surge in HMPV cases was reported in China, with the virus accounting for 6.2% of positive respiratory illness tests and 5.4% of related hospitalizations, surpassing other viruses like COVID-19, rhinovirus, and adenovirus. In Indonesia, the Ministry of Health has acknowledged the presence of HMPV. Health Minister Budi Gunadi Sadikin emphasized that HMPV is not a new virus and resembles the common flu. He urged the public not to panic, noting that the human immune system is familiar with this virus and can respond effectively. The Minister also highlighted that while HMPV cases have been detected, they primarily involve children, and the virus does not pose the same threat level as COVID-19.

How is HMPV Transmitted?

HMPV spreads through close contact with infected respiratory secretions. This can occur via droplets from coughs or sneezes, direct contact such as shaking hands, or touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your face. The virus does not spread through tiny airborne particles like some other respiratory viruses, so maintaining a physical distance of at least six feet can significantly reduce the risk of transmission.

Nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections have also been reported, especially in pediatric wards and long-term care facilities. These outbreaks can have high attack rates, affecting a large percentage of residents and staff, emphasizing the importance of strict infection control measures.

Symptoms of HMPV Infection

The symptoms of HMPV infection vary widely, from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory distress. Common symptoms include:

• Cough
• Nasal congestion and runny nose
• Fever
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Sore throat
• Fatigue

In severe cases, particularly in infants, older adults, or immunocompromised individuals, the virus can cause bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. These conditions may require hospitalization and even intensive care.

Who is at Risk?

While HMPV can infect individuals of all ages, certain groups are more vulnerable to severe disease. These include:

• Young children: Infants and children under the age of five are at a higher risk of developing serious respiratory symptoms. Studies show that most children have been infected with HMPV by the age of five.
• Older adults: People aged 65 and above are more likely to experience severe respiratory complications.
• Immunocompromised individuals: Patients undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant recipients, and those with chronic illnesses like diabetes or HIV are particularly susceptible.
• People with underlying respiratory conditions: Conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis can exacerbate the severity of HMPV infections.

Diagnosis of HMPV

Diagnosing HMPV can be challenging, as its symptoms overlap with those of other respiratory illnesses like influenza, RSV, or even COVID-19. However, advanced diagnostic tools such as reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can accurately detect the virus in respiratory samples. RT-PCR is the gold standard for HMPV diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and specificity.

How is HMPV Treated?

There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Management focuses on supportive care, which includes:

• Rest and hydration to help the body recover
• Over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and relieve symptoms like congestion or sore throat
• Supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation in severe cases requiring hospitalization
• Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections like HMPV unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. For individuals with underlying health conditions or compromised immune systems, close monitoring is essential to prevent complications.

Prevention of HMPV

Preventing HMPV infections involves simple but effective hygiene practices. These include:

• Frequent handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
• Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
• Regularly disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs and mobile phones
• Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing
• In healthcare settings, contact precautions such as wearing gloves and masks can help prevent the spread of HMPV, especially in vulnerable populations.
• Seasonal Patterns and Global Spread

HMPV exhibits distinct seasonal patterns, similar to other respiratory viruses. In temperate regions like the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, the virus tends to peak in late winter and early spring. However, in tropical regions such as Hong Kong, outbreaks are more common in late spring and summer.

Since its discovery, HMPV has been identified in countries across the globe, highlighting its widespread presence and the importance of ongoing surveillance and research to better understand its behavior and impact.

If you or your loved ones are experiencing persistent respiratory symptoms such as a cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath, seeking expert medical care is crucial. At RS Abdi Waluyo, our pulmonology specialists provide comprehensive diagnostic and treatment services for respiratory conditions, including HMPV-related infections.

Resources

1. Virus HMPV Ditemukan di Indonesia, Menkes: Mirip Flu Biasa, Tidak Perlu Panik [Homepage on the Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Jan 8];Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/id/rilis-kesehatan/virus-hmpv-ditemukan-di-indonesia-menkes-mirip-flu-biasa-tidak-perlu-panik
2. Clinical Features, Epidemiology, and Climatic Impact of Genotype-specific Human Metapneumovirus Infections: Long-term Surveillance of Hospitalized Patients in South Korea – PubMed [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 8];Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31353397/
3. Gejala HMPV yang Perlu Diketahui [Homepage on the Internet]. Alodokter. 2025 [cited 2025 Jan 8];Available from: https://www.alodokter.com/gejala-hmpv-yang-perlu-diketahui
4. Uddin S, Thomas M. Human Metapneumovirus [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025 [cited 2025 Jan 8]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560910/

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Living with chronic conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can be physically and emotionally challenging, often affecting daily routines, work, and social interactions. Many people with these conditions face not only the symptoms but also the stigma of living with an “invisible illness” that others may not fully understand. This makes building awareness and fostering empathy essential for creating a more inclusive and understanding community.

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are both types of inflammatory bowel disease, but they differ in how they affect the digestive system.

Crohn’s Disease: This condition can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. It often involves deeper layers of the bowel wall and can cause patches of inflammation, leaving unaffected areas in between.

Ulcerative Colitis: Unlike Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum. It causes continuous inflammation and ulcers in the innermost lining of the colon.

Figure 1. Different location of inflammation on Chron’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Both conditions can lead to similar symptoms, but the areas they affect and the severity of the inflammation can vary widely from person to person.

The symptoms of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can range from mild to severe and often come in waves, with periods of flare-ups followed by remission. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent diarrhea, often accompanied by an urgent need to use the bathroom
• Abdominal pain and cramping, which can vary in intensity
• Blood in the stool, a result of inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract
• Fatigue, which may be caused by anemia, inflammation, or poor nutrient absorption
• Weight loss and malnutrition, as inflammation can interfere with digestion and nutrient uptake

These symptoms can be physically exhausting and emotionally draining, affecting not only the individual’s health but also their social, professional, and personal lives.

Living with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can be a constant struggle, as symptoms may flare up unexpectedly. Many people with these conditions experience a significant impact on their quality of life. The need for frequent bathroom trips, dietary restrictions, and fatigue can make it difficult to maintain a normal routine.

In addition to physical challenges, the stigma surrounding bowel diseases often discourages people from discussing their symptoms openly. This can lead to feelings of isolation and anxiety. Raising awareness about Crohn’s and colitis helps break the silence and promotes a more inclusive and understanding community.

The exact cause of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis is not fully understood, but researchers believe it is a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.

• Genetics: Family history plays a role, as people with a relative who has inflammatory bowel disease are at higher risk of developing it.
• Immune System: An abnormal immune response may trigger inflammation in the digestive tract. Instead of protecting the body from infections, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the gut.
• Environmental Factors: Factors such as diet, stress, and exposure to certain bacteria or viruses may influence the development or severity of these conditions.

While these factors contribute to the onset of Crohn’s and colitis, they do not provide a complete picture. Ongoing research aims to uncover more about the mechanisms behind these diseases and develop better treatments.

Crohn’s and Colitis Awareness Week is an opportunity to educate the public about these conditions and highlight the challenges faced by those who live with them. Awareness efforts focus on dispelling myths, encouraging open conversations, and promoting early diagnosis and treatment.

Many people delay seeking medical help for their symptoms, either because they do not realize the seriousness of their condition or because they feel embarrassed. Awareness campaigns aim to change this by normalizing discussions about digestive health and encouraging individuals to prioritize their well-being.

Diagnosing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis requires a thorough evaluation, as their symptoms overlap with other gastrointestinal conditions. The diagnostic process typically includes:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, family history, and lifestyle factors. They may also perform a physical exam to check for signs of inflammation.
• Blood and Stool Tests: These tests can identify inflammation markers, anemia, or infections that may be contributing to symptoms.
• Endoscopic Procedures: A colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy allows the doctor to examine the inside of the digestive tract and take tissue samples for further analysis.
• Imaging Studies: Tests such as CT scans, MRI, or barium X-rays provide detailed images of the digestive tract to identify areas of inflammation or narrowing.

Early diagnosis is crucial for managing symptoms effectively and preventing complications.

While there is no cure for Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, treatments aim to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life. Treatment plans are tailored to the individual and may include:

• Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors, and biologic therapies can help control inflammation and prevent flare-ups.
• Diet and Nutrition: Dietary adjustments, such as avoiding trigger foods and ensuring adequate nutrient intake, play a key role in managing symptoms.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged sections of the digestive tract or address complications.
• Stress Management: Stress can worsen symptoms, so relaxation techniques, counseling, or support groups can be beneficial.

Working closely with a healthcare team ensures that individuals with Crohn’s or colitis receive the most effective care for their specific needs.

At RS Abdi Waluyo, we are proud to announce the establishment of our dedicated Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Center in collaboration with the prestigious University of Chicago. This partnership reflects our commitment to enhancing care for patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, particularly as the prevalence of IBD driven by autoimmune factors continues to rise. Our IBD Center combines advanced diagnostics, personalized treatment plans, and cutting-edge therapies to address the increasing need for more specialized care. With this collaboration, we aim to provide world-class services and innovative solutions, ensuring that every patient receives the best possible support for their journey toward better health and improved quality of life.

Resources

1. Crohn’s Disease Versus Ulcerative Colitis: What’s the Difference? [Homepage on the Internet]. EverydayHealth.com. 2024 [cited 2024 Dec 13];Available from: https://www.everydayhealth.com/crohns-disease/symptoms/key-difference-between-crohns-disease-ulcerative-colitis/
2. Ranasinghe IR, Tian C, Hsu R. Crohn Disease [Homepage on the Internet]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2024 [cited 2024 Aug 25]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436021/
3. Crohn’s & Colitis UK [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2024 Dec 10];Available from: https://crohnsandcolitis.org.uk
4. Homepage | Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2024 Dec 10];Available from: https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/

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The heart beats in a steady rhythm, pumping blood throughout the body to keep you alive and well. For most people, this rhythm feels normal and reliable. However, there are times when the heart’s natural beat may feel irregular, too fast, or too slow. This condition is called arrhythmia, and it can range from being harmless to potentially serious. While many people dismiss occasional fluttering or skipped beats, understanding arrhythmia is essential, as it can sometimes signal underlying health problems that need medical attention.

Arrhythmia is a condition where the heart’s rhythm becomes abnormal. In a healthy individual, the heart beats in a regular pattern, controlled by electrical signals that coordinate its contractions. These signals ensure that the heart pumps blood efficiently to the rest of the body. When something disrupts these electrical signals, the heartbeat can become irregular.

Arrhythmias can occur in several forms: the heart may beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or in an irregular pattern. While some arrhythmias are harmless and temporary, others may affect blood flow, putting strain on the heart and increasing the risk of complications like stroke or heart failure.

The symptoms of arrhythmia can vary depending on its type and severity. Some people with arrhythmia do not experience any noticeable signs, and the condition is only detected during routine medical check-ups. For others, symptoms may include:

• Heart Palpitations: A fluttering sensation, skipped beats, or a racing heartbeat.
• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity.
• Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Feeling faint or unsteady.
• Fatigue: Unexplained tiredness, even after rest.
• Chest Pain or Discomfort: A feeling of tightness or pressure in the chest.
• Fainting (Syncope): In severe cases, irregular heart rhythms may cause loss of consciousness.

These symptoms can be alarming, but they do not always mean something serious. If you experience these signs frequently or suddenly, it is important to consult a doctor to determine the cause.

Arrhythmia can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from lifestyle choices to underlying health conditions. Some common causes include:

• Heart Conditions: Diseases like coronary artery disease, heart failure, or congenital heart defects can disrupt the heart’s rhythm.
• High Blood Pressure: Chronic hypertension can put stress on the heart, leading to arrhythmias.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal levels of minerals like potassium, calcium, or magnesium can affect the heart’s electrical activity.
• Thyroid Problems: An overactive or underactive thyroid gland can impact heart rate.
• Stress and Anxiety: Emotional stress can trigger irregular heartbeats, particularly in otherwise healthy individuals. Panic attacks, a form of acute anxiety, can also lead to irregular heartbeats, as the body’s fight-or-flight response releases adrenaline that affects the heart’s rhythm.
• Stimulants: Excessive caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, or certain medications can interfere with heart rhythm.
• Sleep Apnea: Interrupted breathing during sleep can strain the heart, leading to arrhythmias.

In some cases, arrhythmia occurs without a clear cause. This is why it is important to undergo a medical evaluation to identify any underlying triggers.

Arrhythmia is not a one-size-fits-all condition. It can present in different forms, each with its own characteristics:

• Atrial Fibrillation: One of the most common types, atrial fibrillation causes the upper chambers of the heart to quiver instead of beating effectively. This can lead to an irregular and often rapid heartbeat, increasing the risk of stroke.
• Bradycardia: This occurs when the heart beats too slowly, which can prevent enough blood from reaching the brain and other organs. It often results in fatigue and dizziness.
• Tachycardia: A rapid heartbeat that exceeds the normal range. It can occur in the upper or lower chambers of the heart and may cause palpitations and breathlessness.
• Ventricular Fibrillation: This is a life-threatening form of arrhythmia where the heart’s lower chambers quiver instead of pumping blood. Immediate medical attention is required.

Understanding the type of arrhythmia you may have is crucial, as it determines the best course of treatment.

Figure 1. Heart abnormalities

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): This is a quick, painless test that measures the heart’s electrical activity and identifies irregular rhythms.
• Holter Monitor: A portable device worn for 24-48 hours to record the heart’s activity over a longer period. It is one of the easiest and least invasive tests available, offering a comprehensive view of the heart’s rhythm over time. By monitoring the heart during normal daily activities, the Holter test increases the likelihood of detecting intermittent arrhythmias, providing a more accurate diagnosis.
• Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart that provides detailed images of its structure and function.
• Stress Test: This test evaluates how the heart performs during physical activity.
• Electrophysiology Study: A specialized procedure to study the heart’s electrical system and pinpoint the source of the arrhythmia.

The treatment for arrhythmia depends on its cause, type, and severity. For mild cases that do not pose health risks, no treatment may be necessary. However, if the arrhythmia is causing significant symptoms or complications, treatment options may include:

• Medications: Anti-arrhythmic drugs help control the heart’s rhythm and prevent further episodes. Blood thinners may also be prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke.
• Lifestyle Changes: Reducing stress, avoiding stimulants like caffeine or nicotine, and maintaining a healthy diet can improve heart rhythm. Regular exercise and weight management also play a role.
• Medical Procedures: Treatments like electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation can correct abnormal rhythms. In severe cases, a pacemaker or implantable defibrillator may be recommended to regulate the heartbeat.

By working closely with a healthcare provider, arrhythmia can often be managed effectively, allowing individuals to lead normal, active lives.

RS Abdi Waluyo understand the importance of early diagnosis and expert care for conditions like arrhythmia. Our team of internal medicine specialists and cardiologists provides comprehensive diagnostic evaluations and tailored treatment plans to address your heart health needs. Equipped with advanced technology, such as electrocardiograms, echocardiography, and electrophysiology studies, RS Abdi Waluyo ensures accurate diagnoses and effective management of heart rhythm disorders.

With a patient-centered approach, we aim to provide world-class care in a comfortable and supportive environment. Whether you are experiencing occasional palpitations or persistent symptoms, our team is dedicated to helping you achieve better heart health. Do not ignore the signs of an irregular heartbeat!

Resources

1. Heart Arrythmia Types & Irregular Heartbeats in Dilated Cardiomyopathy [Homepage on the Internet]. DCM Found. [cited 2024 Dec 17];Available from: https://dcmfoundation.org/about-dilated-cardiomyopathy/dilated-cardiomyopathy-and-common-arrhythmias/
2. Arrhythmias – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf [Homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2024 Dec 17];Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558923/
3.  Kingma J, Simard C, Drolet B. Overview of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatment Strategies. Pharmaceuticals 2023;16(6):844.

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